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Stith Thompson Motif Index
About this index and how to read it
Stith Thompson's Motif-Index of Folk-Literature classifies recurring narrative elements in folktales, myths, legends, ballads and related traditional narratives. Each entry below gives Thompson's motif reference and the description recorded in the index.
The index is large, so this browser displays 250 entries per page. You can search by motif reference or by words in the description, restrict the results to one of Thompson's main letter categories, and click motif references mentioned inside descriptions to follow cross-references. Individual motif pages also show any ATU tale types whose concordance explicitly cites that Thompson reference.
All
A
Mythological Motifs
B
Animal Motifs
C
Motifs of Tabu
D
Magic
E
The Dead
F
Marvels
G
Ogres
H
Tests
J
The Wise and the Foolish
K
Deceptions
L
Reversals of Fortune
M
Ordaining the Future
N
Chance and Fate
P
Society
Q
Rewards and Punishments
R
Captives and Fugitives
S
Unnatural Cruelty
T
Sex
U
The Nature of Life
V
Religion
W
Traits of Character
X
Humor
Z
Miscellaneous Groups of Motifs
| Thompson reference ▲ | Description |
|---|---|
| D449.3 | Transformation: treasure to ducks. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 196. |
| D449.4 | Transformation: snow to dogs. Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 324. |
| D450 | Transformation: object to another object. India: Thompson-Balys; Icelandic: Boberg. |
| D451 | Transformation of vegetable form. |
| D451.1 | Transformation: tree to other object. *Loomis White Magic 95; Africa (Loango): Pechuël-Loesche 109. |
| D451.1.0.1 | Transformation: branch of tree to palace. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D451.1.1 | Transformation: ash to hazel. Irish myth: Cross (D469.17). |
| D451.2 | Transformation: plant to other object. Irish myth: Cross (D452). |
| D451.2.1 | Transformation: rush to leek. Irish myth: Cross (D462.1). |
| D451.2.1.1 | Transformation: rushes to grain. Irish myth: Cross (D462.1.1). |
| D451.2.2 | Transformation: wheat to barley. Irish myth: Cross (D462.2). |
| D451.2.3 | Transformation: oats to wheat. Irish myth: Cross (D462.3). |
| D451.2.4 | Transformation: cotton to leaves. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D451.3 | Transformation: fruit to other object. Irish myth: Cross (D463). |
| D451.3.1 | Transformation: apples to grain. Irish myth: Cross (D463.1). |
| D451.3.2 | Transformation: coconut to philosopher's stone. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D451.3.3 | Transformation: pumpkin to carriage. Type 410.—Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "carosse"; Missouri French: Carrière. |
| D451.3.4 | Transformation: apples to pig bristles (frog legs). German: Grimm No. 165. |
| D451.4 | Transformation: flowers to other object. |
| D451.4.0.1 | Transformation: flowers to gold beads. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D451.4.1 | Transformation: lotus to human hand. Penzer VIII 54. |
| D451.4.2 | Hibiscus blossom transformed to canoe. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 405. |
| D451.5 | Transformation: grass to other object. |
| D451.5.1 | Transformation: blade of grass to horse. Africa (Fjort): Dennett 63 No. 12. |
| D451.5.2 | Transformation: blade of grass to knife. Africa (Fjort): Dennett 63 No. 12. |
| D451.5.3 | Transformation: blade of grass to gun. Africa (Fjort): Dennett 63 No. 12. |
| D451.5.4 | Transformation: grass to beard. Irish myth: Cross (D457.4). |
| D451.5.5 | Transformation: pieces of grass turned into stone steps. Chinese: Graham. |
| D451.5.6 | Transformation: roll of grass into gold. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 210. |
| D451.5.7 | Transformation: wisp of hay to bridge.—Maliseet: Mechling JAFL XXVI 251. |
| D451.6 | Transformation: stick (log) to other object. |
| D451.6.1 | Transformation: wand to other object. |
| D451.6.1.1 | Transformation: wand to bridge. Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "pont".—Cherokee: Mooney RBAE XIX 319 No. 67. |
| D451.6.2 | Stick thrust in ground changes into spirit hut. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 62. |
| D451.6.3 | Transformation: stick to weapon. Africa (Loango): Pechuël-Loesche 109. |
| D451.7 | Transformation: nut to another object. |
| D451.7.1 | Transformation: nut to palace. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 54 No. 400B. |
| D451.8 | Transformation: leaf to another object. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 109; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 478. |
| D451.8.1 | Transformation: leaves to cotton. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D451.8.2 | Transformation: leaf to knife. Africa (Loango): Pechuël-Loesche 109. |
| D451.9 | Transformation: vegetable to other object. |
| D451.9.1 | Transformation: peas to stones. (Cf. D444.4, D471.1.)—BP III 462. |
| D452 | Transformation of mineral form. |
| D452.1 | Transformation: rock (stone) to other object. |
| D452.1.1 | Transformation: rock to hut. Africa (Kaffir): Theal 83. |
| D452.1.2 | Transformation: stone to mountain. Regular in D672, where references are given. |
| D452.1.3 | Transformation: stone to salt. *Loomis White Magic 81; Irish myth: *Cross (D456.3); Jewish: Neuman. |
| D452.1.4 | Transformation: stone into jewel. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *1670. |
| D452.1.5 | Transformation: rock to glass. *Loomis White Magic 81. |
| D452.1.6 | Transformation: stones to peas. |
| D452.1.6.1 | Christ asks woman what she is cooking; she replies that she is boiling stones to make her children think they are peas and that they will have food. Christ changes the stones to peas. England: Baughman. |
| D452.1.7 | Transformation: stone to firebrand. Africa (Duala): Lederbogen JAS IV 71. |
| D452.1.8 | Transformation: stone to island. Tonga: Gifford 191. |
| D452.1.9 | Transformation: stone to pillow. Jewish: Neuman. |
| D452.1.10 | Transformation: rock to water. Jewish: Neuman. |
| D452.1.11 | Transformation: stones to weapons. Jewish: Neuman. |
| D452.1.12 | Transformation: stones to dust. Jewish: Neuman. |
| D452.2 | Transformation: shell to another object. |
| D452.2.1 | Transformation: shell to boat. Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "bateau". |
| D452.3 | Transformation: sand to another object. |
| D452.3.1 | Transformation: sand to rice. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Duala): Lederbogen Märchen 82. |
| D452.4 | Transformation: earth (dirt) to another object. |
| D452.4.1 | Transformation: dirt to pepper. Africa (Duala): Lederbogen JAS IV 71. |
| D454 | Transformation of manufactured object. |
| D454.1 | Transformation: box to another object. |
| D454.1.1 | Transformation: box to carriage. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 72 No. 557. |
| D454.1.2 | Transformation: box to ship. Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "boоte". |
| D454.2 | Transformation: bread to another object. (Cf. D471). |
| D454.2.1 | Transformation: bread to flower. Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "fleur". |
| D454.2.2 | Bread tree springs from crumb of bread. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D454.3 | Transformation: clothing to other object. |
| D454.3.1 | Transformation: one article of clothing to another. Irish myth: Cross (D469.16). |
| D454.3.1.1 | White chasuble suddenly turned into red. *Loomis White Magic 81. |
| D454.3.2 | Transformation: handkerchief to other object. |
| D454.3.2.1 | Transformation: handkerchief with three knots to clod, potsherd, and charcoal. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D454.3.2.2 | Transformation: handkerchief with three knots to golden leopard, golden snake, and golden monkey. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D454.3.3 | Transformation: belt to bridge. N. A. Indian (Quinault): Farrand JE II 115. |
| D454.3.4 | Transformation: cloak to other object. |
| D454.3.4.1 | Transformation: cloak to mountain. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/420). |
| D454.3.4.2 | Transformation: cloak to vessel. Saintyves Saints Successeurs 254f. |
| D454.4 | Transformation: needle to other object. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D454.4.1 | Transformation: thread to other object. Africa (Vai): Ellis 191 No. 8. |
| D454.5 | Transformation: milk sack to other object. |
| D454.5.1 | Transformation: milk sack to sheet of water. Africa (Kaffir): Theal 87. |
| D454.6 | Transformation: pot to other object. Africa (Kaffir): Theal 88. |
| D454.6.1 | Transformation: bowl to other object. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D454.7 | Transformation: brush to mountain. German: Grimm No. 79. |
| D454.7.1 | Transformation: comb to mountain. German: Grimm No. 79. |
| D454.8 | Transformation: ornament to other object. |
| D454.8.1 | Transformation: necklace to other object. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D454.8.2 | Transformation: ring to other object. |
| D454.8.2.1 | Transformation: ring to saber. Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "bague". |
| D454.9 | Transformation: weapon to other object. |
| D454.9.1 | Transformation: spear to other object. |
| D454.9.1.1 | Transformation: spear becomes mighty tree when driven into ground. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D454.9.2 | Transformation: sling-stick to boat. Irish myth: Cross (D469.18). |
| D454.10 | Transformation: ship to other object. |
| D454.10.1 | Transformation: ship to mountains. Maori: Beckwith Myth 467. |
| D454.10.2 | Transformation: canoe into rock. Tonga: Gifford 76. |
| D454.11 | Transformation: writing tablets to bundle. Irish myth: Cross (D469.15). |
| D454.12 | Transformation: mirror to glass mountain. German: Grimm No. 79. |
| D454.13 | Transformation: pieces of chalk into tins of oil. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D454.14 | Transformation: ink to beams of light. Jewish: Neuman. |
| D454.15 | Transformation: statue to drinking vessels. Jewish: Neuman. |
| D454.16 | Transformation: instruments of torture to lotus flowers. Chinese: Werner 268. |
| D457 | Transformed parts of person or animal to object. |
| D457.1 | Transformation: blood to another object. |
| D457.1.1 | Transformation: blood to rubies. Turns to rubies as it drops. *Cosquin RTP XXVIII 194, *Contes indiens 18ff.; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D457.1.2 | Transformation: blood to milk. Bird caught and told to make milk bleeds and blood turns to milk. Africa (Kaffir): Theal 34 No. 1. |
| D457.1.3 | Transformation: drops of blood to flowers. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D457.2 | Transformation: milk to blood. Irish myth: *Cross (D454.2.1). |
| D457.3 | Transformation: calf's head to death's head. *BP I 276 n. 2, II 535; Sébillot Incidents s.v. "tête". |
| D457.4 | Transformation: hair to other object. Jewish: Neuman. |
| D457.4.1 | Transformation: hair to stream. *Fb "hеr" I 771b. |
| D457.4.2 | Transformation: hair to forest. *Fb "hеr" I 771b; Jewish: Neuman. |
| D457.4.3 | Transformation: hair to bridge. Köhler-Bolte I 195. |
| D457.5 | Transformation: meat to other object. |
| D457.5.1 | Transformation: stolen meat to roses. Italian Novella: Rotunda. |
| D457.5.2 | Meat received from spirits transformed to banana leaves. Africa (Wachaga): Gutman 105. |
| D457.6 | Transformation: scurf from body to palm tree. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D457.7 | Transformation: feather to tree. Africa (Shangani): Bourhill and Drake 43ff. No. 5. |
| D457.8 | Transformation: tooth to ax head. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; Norse: Herrmann Saxo II 596. |
| D457.9 | Transformation: finger to ax handle. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 131 No. 89. |
| D457.9.1 | Transformation: cut-off hand to plant. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 130 No. 85. |
| D457.10 | Transformation: moustache into grass. (Cf. D562.2.) India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D457.11 | Transformation: eye to another object. |
| D457.11.1 | Transformation: bull's eye to hornets. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D457.11.2 | Transformation: eyeballs to torches. Jewish: Neuman. |
| D457.12 | Transformation: bone to other object. |
| D457.12.1 | Transformation: bone-dust becomes blazing fire. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D457.12.2 | Transformation: bone to skeleton. Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 26. |
| D457.13 | Transformation: animal dung to other object. Africa (Duala): Lederbogen Märchen 82. |
| D457.14 | Transformation: tongue to other object. |
| D457.14.1 | Transformation: ogress's tongue to surfboard. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 194. |
| D457.14.2 | Transformation: tongue to flame. Jewish: Neuman. |
| D457.15 | Transformation: animal heart to other object. |
| D457.15.1 | Transformation: fox's heart to rattle. S. A. Indian (Toba): Métraux MAFLS XL 138. |
| D457.16 | Transformation: saint's relics to other object. |
| D457.16.1 | Saint's relics assume form of Buddha. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 500f. |
| D457.17 | Transformation: flesh to other object. |
| D457.17.1 | Transformation: flesh to fire. Jewish: Neuman. |
| D457.18 | Transformation: tears to other object. |
| D457.18.1 | Transformation: tears to fountain. Jewish: Neuman. |
| D457.18.2 | Transformation: tears to river. Jewish: Neuman. |
| D457.19 | Transformation: ear tips (animal) into pelts. Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 471, 541. |
| D469 | Transformation: miscellaneous object to other objects. |
| D469.1 | Transformation: egg to mist. Africa (Kaffir): Theal 87. |
| D469.1.1 | Transformation: egg to house. Africa (Duala): Lederbogen Märchen 83. |
| D469.2 | Transformation: smoke to bridge. Africa (Vai): Ellis 191 No. 8. |
| D469.3 | Transformation: chain of arrows to bridge. Africa (Vai): Ellis 191 No.8. |
| D469.4 | Transformation: sea-scum to ice. Eskimo (Greenland) Rasmussen III 260. |
| D469.5 | Transformation: furnace of fire to garden. Jewish: Neuman. |
| D470 | Transformation: material of object changed. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D471 | Transformation: object to stone. |
| D471.1 | Transformation: bread to stone. As punishment. (Cf. D441.1, D444.2, D444.4, D476.)—Type 368*; *BP III 168, 462; Fb "sten" III 553b, 554a; Hdwb. d. Abergl. I 1599; Icelandic: *Boberg. |
| D471.2 | Transformation: house to stone. N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 212 No. 41, 398 No. 70, 409 No. 73. |
| D471.2.1 | Transformation: house-door to stone. N. A. Indian (Shasta): Farrand-Frachtenberg JAFL XXVIII 216 No. 6. |
| D471.3 | Transformation: ship to stone. Greek: Fox 211. |
| D471.4 | Transformation: cheese to stone. *Loomis White Magic 79; Irish myth: *Cross. |
| D471.4.1 | Transformation: milk to stone. *Loomis White Magic 79. |
| D471.5 | Transformation: salt to stone. Irish myth: Cross. |
| D471.6 | Transformation: tree to stone. Irish myth: Cross. |
| D471.7 | Transformation: poison to stone. Irish myth: Cross. |
| D471.8 | Animals turned into stones. *Loomis White Magic 80f. |
| D471.8.1 | Stolen chickens turned to stones in cooking. *Loomis White Magic 79. |
| D471.9 | A candle becomes stone. *Loomis White Magic 81. |
| D471.10 | Water becomes rocks. (Cf. D478). Jewish: Neuman. |
| D472 | Transformation: object to muck. |
| D472.1 | Transformation: food to muck. As punishment. Fb "mog" II 603; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D473 | Transformation: object to wood. |
| D473.1 | Transformation: sword to wood. Chauvin V 173 No. 96 n. 1. |
| D474 | Transformation: object becomes bloody. Irish myth: *Cross. |
| D474.1 | Transformation: key becomes bloody. *Type 311, 312; BP I 404ff. |
| D474.2 | Transformation: water becomes bloody. Loomis White Magic 78; Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 358. |
| D474.3 | Transformation: cake becomes bloody. Irish myth: *Cross. |
| D474.4 | Egg becomes bloody. German: Grimm No. 46. |
| D474.5 | Transformation: butter (milk) to blood. Irish myth: *Cross. |
| D474.6 | Tears change to blood. Jewish: Neuman. |
| D474.7 | Spittle changes to blood. Jewish: Neuman. |
| D474.8 | Fruit juice turns to blood. Jewish: Neuman. |
| D474.9 | Eyes of stone lion become bloody. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 83. |
| D475 | Transformation: object to treasure (or vice versa). |
| D475.1 | Transformation: objects to gold. Encyc. Religion and Ethics s.v. "Alchemy"; *Loomis White Magic 79, 81.—Irish: Cross, Plummer xliv, clxxxv; German: Hartland Science 49; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 383. |
| D475.1.1 | Transformation: coals to gold. Fb. "kul", "guld".—Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 322 No. 80. |
| D475.1.1.1 | Transformation: ashes to gold. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D475.1.2 | Transformation: shavings to gold. Fb "høvlspеn". |
| D475.1.3 | Transformation: dead leaves to gold. Grimm Deutsche Mythologie 2, 246, 452. |
| D475.1.3.1 | Banyan leaves turn to gold. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1262. |
| D475.1.4 | Transformation: spittle to gold. Hindu: Williams 11. |
| D475.1.5 | Transformation: fire to gold. Fb "ild" II 11b. |
| D475.1.6 | Transformation: rice to gold. India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Mitford 180ff. |
| D475.1.6.1 | Transformation: grain to gold. *Loomis White Magic 79; Irish myth: **Cross. |
| D475.1.7 | Transformation: brick (tile) to gold. India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 382. |
| D475.1.8 | Transformation: earth to gold. Fb "jord" II 45b.; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D475.1.9 | Transformation: copper to gold. India: Penzer III 162 n. |
| D475.1.10 | Transformation: hair to gold. India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| D475.1.11 | Paste (smeared on princess's body) turns to gold. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D475.1.12 | Transformation: putrescence to gold. Irish myth: *Cross. |
| D475.1.13 | Mucus turns to gold to reward piety. Irish myth: Cross. |
| D475.1.14 | Transformation: bottle to gold. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule. |
| D475.1.15 | Transformation: palace to gold. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 210. |
| D475.1.16 | Transformation: food to gold. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D475.1.17 | Transformation: axe becomes golden. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D475.1.18 | Transformation: flowers to gold and silver. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D475.1.19 | Transformation: leaves on which meal is served turn to gold plates. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D475.1.20 | Transformation: straw to gold. German: Grimm No. 55. |
| D475.1.21 | Transformation: fingernails to gold. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 165 No. 108. |
| D475.2 | Transformation: object to money (or vice versa). |
| D475.2.1 | Transformation: stones to gold coins. Tobler 71. |
| D475.2.2 | Transformation: water to money. Africa (Kpelle): Westermann Zs. f. afrikan., ozean., u. ostasiat. Spr. VI 161 No. 29a. |
| D475.2.3 | Transformation: money to ashes (leaves). Fb "penge"; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D475.2.4 | Transformation: money to pewter. Chinese: Werner 373. |
| D475.3 | Transformation: objects to silver. |
| D475.3.1 | Transformation: earth to silver. Africa (Mossi): Frobenius Atlantis VIII 274ff. No. 20. |
| D475.3.2 | Tin changed into silver. *Loomis White Magic 81. |
| D475.3.3 | Transformation: stone to silver. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham. |
| D475.3.4 | Transformation: iron in axe to silver. German: Grimm No. 99. |
| D475.3.5 | Transformation: silver dish becomes wooden. Irish myth: Cross (D479.16). |
| D475.4 | Transformation: object to jewels (or vice versa). *Loomis White Magic 81. |
| D475.4.1 | Transformation: stones into jewels. *Loomis White Magic 81; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D475.4.2 | Transformation: lice into gems. *Loomis White Magic 81. |
| D475.4.3 | Transformation: dishes to jewels. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D475.4.4 | Transformation: peas to pearls. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D475.4.5 | Tears become jewels. German: Grimm No. 179; Greek: Grote 134; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D475.4.6 | Transformation: fingernails into jewels. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D475.4.7 | Transformation: hairs to jewels. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D475.4.8 | Water dripping off person becomes agates. Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 43, 55. |
| D475.4.9 | Oil changed to jewels. Jewish: Neuman. |
| D475.5 | A cup of marble changed into one of crystal. *Loomis White Magic 81. |
| D476 | Food transformed. |
| D476.1 | Inedible substance transformed into edible. |
| D476.1.1 | Bread made from mud. *Loomis White Magic 81. |
| D476.1.2 | Loaf of bread made from the leaf of a tree. *Loomis White Magic 81. |
| D476.1.3 | Wood turned into grain. *Loomis White Magic 81. |
| D476.1.4 | Lard made from tree bark. *Loomis White Magic 81. |
| D476.1.5 | Butter made from nettles. *Loomis White Magic 81. |
| D476.1.6 | Pancakes made of snow. *Loomis White Magic 78. |
| D476.1.7 | Rock changed into milk. *Loomis White Magic 81. |
| D476.1.8 | Stream changed to egg. Jewish: Neuman. |
| D476.1.9 | Transformation: ice becomes grease. N. A. Indian (Menomini): Skinner and Satterlee PaAM XIII 270, (Crow): Lowie PaAM XXV 23ff., (Southern Ute): Lowie JAFL XXXVII 11 No. 5. |
| D476.1.10 | Bone-powder changed into cheese. *Loomis White Magic 81. |
| D476.1.11 | Transformation: sand to rice. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D476.2 | Edible substance changed to inedible. |
| D476.2.1 | Transformation: food to dust. Jewish: Neuman. |
| D476.2.2 | Cooked meat changed to raw. (Cf. D476.4.)—Jewish: Neuman. |
| D476.2.3 | Milk transformed into other substance. *Loomis White Magic 79. |
| D476.2.3.1 | Milk transformed into blood. *Loomis White Magic 79. |
| D476.2.3.2 | Milk transformed into lye. *Loomis White Magic 79. |
| D476.2.4 | Transformation: sugar to ashes. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D476.3 | Meat transformed. |
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