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Stith Thompson Motif Index
About this index and how to read it
Stith Thompson's Motif-Index of Folk-Literature classifies recurring narrative elements in folktales, myths, legends, ballads and related traditional narratives. Each entry below gives Thompson's motif reference and the description recorded in the index.
The index is large, so this browser displays 250 entries per page. You can search by motif reference or by words in the description, restrict the results to one of Thompson's main letter categories, and click motif references mentioned inside descriptions to follow cross-references. Individual motif pages also show any ATU tale types whose concordance explicitly cites that Thompson reference.
All
A
Mythological Motifs
B
Animal Motifs
C
Motifs of Tabu
D
Magic
E
The Dead
F
Marvels
G
Ogres
H
Tests
J
The Wise and the Foolish
K
Deceptions
L
Reversals of Fortune
M
Ordaining the Future
N
Chance and Fate
P
Society
Q
Rewards and Punishments
R
Captives and Fugitives
S
Unnatural Cruelty
T
Sex
U
The Nature of Life
V
Religion
W
Traits of Character
X
Humor
Z
Miscellaneous Groups of Motifs
| Thompson reference ▲ | Description |
|---|---|
| S0 | Cruel relative. |
| S10 | Cruel parents. *Types 327AB, 517, 832; Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys. See also S300—S399, Abandoned or murdered children, and many of the motifs in S200—S299, Cruel sacrifices. |
| S11 | Cruel father. *Types 451, 516, 671, 706, 725, 870; *Rösch FFC LXXVII 120; *Schlauch Constance and other accused Queens 40; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 326 n. 177. |
| S11.1 | Father mutilates children. (Cf. S160.) *Type 706; Greek: Fox 74 (Phineus). |
| S11.2 | Jealous father sends son to upper world on stretching tree. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 332 n. 199; Africa (Benga): Nassau 176 No. 23. |
| S11.3 | Father kills child. |
| S11.3.1 | Man who doubts his children's paternity kills them. Murders wife and paramour. Italian Novella: Rotunda. |
| S11.3.2 | Father kills deformed children. (Cf. S325.0.1.) Irish myth: Cross. |
| S11.3.3 | Father kills son. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| S11.3.3.1 | Father kills son (for stealing). Irish myth: *Cross. |
| S11.3.3.2 | Father murders his two sons for whining. Tonga: Gifford 24. |
| S11.3.4 | Cruel father, learning that he is to be killed by his son, puts to death all children born to him. (Cf. M375.) Irish myth: Cross. |
| S11.3.5 | Cruel king slays brother and brother's son. Irish myth: *Cross. |
| S11.3.6 | Father throws boy into river (sea). Africa (Congo): Weeks Jungle 407, (Cameroon): Rosenhuber 20 No. 3, (Fang): Tessman 91. |
| S11.3.7 | Father orders son assassinated. (Cf. K512.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 529; Africa (Fang): Tessman 92. |
| S11.3.8 | Father eats own children. (Cf. G10.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 920; Africa (Pangwe): Tessman 108, 365. |
| S11.4 | Father plans child's death. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| S11.4.1 | Jealous father vows to kill daughter's suitors. Irish myth: *Cross. |
| S11.4.2 | Father kisses son while planning to kill him. Icelandic: Boberg. |
| S11.4.3 | Cruel fathers threaten to kill their children if they are of undesirable sex. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| S11.4.4 | Cruel father seeks to kill infant son. Irish myth: *Cross. |
| S11.5 | Father banishes son at request of fairy wife. (Cf. F302, S322.4.3.) Irish myth: Cross. |
| S11.6 | Father flogs child. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| S12 | Cruel mother. *Types 511, 590, 706, 765, 781; *BP I 551, III 2; *Boje 62f.; *Child V 475 s.v. "Cruel". — Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "mère"; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 14; Missouri French: Carrière; Spanish: Keller, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 115, 148f., Espinosa II Nos. 115f.; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Eskimo: Rink 389, Kroeber JAFL XII 181; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 76 No. 12, 168 No. 24, 190 No. 28, (Angola): Chatelain 30 No. 1. |
| S12.1 | Treacherous mother marries ogre and plots against son. *Type 590; *BP III 1; N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl. II 392. |
| S12.1.1 | Treacherous mother and paramour plan son's death. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| S12.2 | Cruel mother kills child. Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 139, 151, 157; India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| S12.2.1 | Mother feeds newly-born illegitimate child to dog. (Cf. S312.) Italian Novella: Rotunda. |
| S12.2.2 | Mother throws children into fire. Jewish: *Neuman. |
| S12.2.3 | Mother forces child to break eating tabu: child dies. Africa (Fang): Tessman 162. |
| S12.3 | Mother orders son's death. Icelandic: Völsunga saga ch. 6—8, 40 (38), 43 (41); Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| S12.4 | Cruel mother blinds son. Spanish Exempla: Keller; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 99, Rasmussen I 312, III 201, Holm 31. |
| S12.5 | Cruel mother expels (drives away) child. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| S12.5.1 | Girl impregnated by god driven from home by mother. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Métraux RMLP XXXIII 164. |
| S12.6 | Cruel mother refuses children food. Eskimo (Central): Boas RBAE VI 625, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 168; Cook Islands: Clark 77. |
| S12.7 | Mother tells healthy sons to wipe soiled hands on lame son. Africa (Wakweli): Bender 79. |
| S20 | Cruel children and grandchildren. |
| S20.1 | Children sell mother. N. A. Indian (Zuсi): Benedict 340. |
| S20.2 | Child hides food from starving parents. Marquesas: Handy 114. |
| S21 | Cruel son. Irish myth: Cross; Spanish: Espinosa III Nos. 139, 151, 157; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 287, 547, 632; Africa (Fang): Einstein 161. |
| S21.1 | Son buries aged mother alive. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 326 No. 4. |
| S21.2 | Son blinds father. (Cf. Q451.7, S165.) Irish myth: Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda. |
| S21.3 | Son gives mother as hostage. Irish myth: Cross. |
| S21.4 | King banishes mother to stables. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| S21.5 | Cruel son tries to sterilize father. Jewish: *Neuman. |
| S22 | Parricide. (Cf. Q211.1.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 35, 1148, II 651, 1101, 1169; Tonga: Gifford 189. |
| S22.1 | Parricide to obtain kingship. Irish myth: Cross. |
| S22.1.1 | Adopted son plots death of parents. Usurps the throne. Italian Novella: Rotunda. |
| S222 | Prince plans to kill wicked father for cruelty. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| S22.3 | Father learns that his son is planning to kill him. Gives his son a weapon to do so. Son repents. Italian Novella: Rotunda. |
| S25 | Cruel grandson. |
| S25.1 | Boy kills his grandfather. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| S30 | Cruel step- and foster relatives. |
| S31 | Cruel stepmother. *Types 403, 425, 432, 450, 451, 480, 502, 510, 511, 516, 590, 592, 706, 708, 709, 720; BP I 42ff., 70ff., 79ff., 165ff., 207ff., 227ff., 412ff., *421, 427ff., 450ff., II 45ff., 229ff., 490ff., III 60ff., 137, 338f.; **W. Lincke Das tiefmuttermotiv im Märchen der germanischen Völker (Berlin, 1933); *MacCulloch Childhood 150; *Cox Cinderella passim; Böklen Sneewittchenstudien passim; *Arfert Unterschobene Braut passim; Rösch FFC LXXVII 120; Ranke FFC CXIV 154ff.; *Child V 497 s.v. "stepmother"; *Fb "stifmoder"; Dh III 414ff.—Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "marâtre"; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 14; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 63 No. 453; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 6, III No. 10, V No. 8, Rotunda; Greek: Grote I 103, 116; Jewish: *Neuman, *bin Gorion Born Judas I 375; India: *Thompson-Balys; Hindu: Penzer I 185; Chinese: Ferguson 162, Eberhard FFC CXX 52f., 109, 125; Japanese: Ikeda, Anesaki 324; Korean: Zong in-Sob 201f. No. 97; Indonesia: DeVries's list No. 209, Dixon 238f.; Hawaii, Micronesia, Melanesia: ibid. 89 nn. 97—102; N. A. Indian: *Thompson CColl II 382ff.; S. A. Indian (Karib): Métraux RMLP XXXIII 147; Africa (Cameroon): Mansfield 228; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 269 No. 81. |
| S31.1 | Adulteress and paramour plot against her stepson. They fear that he may betray them. Fischer-Bolte 214. |
| S31.2 | Children enchanted by stepmother. (Cf. D683.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg. |
| S31.3 | Cruel bird stepmother feeds young ones with thorns. India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| S31.4 | Cruel stepmother feeds children with fish spines (thorns) to kill them. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| S31.5 | Girl persuades her father to marry a widow who has treated her kindly. *Roberts 136. |
| S32 | Cruel stepfather. Type 970**; Icelandic: Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| S33 | Cruel stepbrother. (Cf. K2211.3.) Irish myth: Cross. |
| S34 | Cruel stepsister(s). Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham. |
| S36 | Cruel foster father. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 480. |
| S37 | Cruel foster son. (Cf. S22.1.1.) S. A. Indian (Warrau): Métraux RMLP XXXIII 146, (Jivaro): ibid. 148, (Amuesha): ibid. 150. |
| S40 | Cruel grandparents. |
| S41 | Cruel grandmother. Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "grand'mère"; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 254 No. 37. |
| S42 | Cruel grandfather. Kills his grandchildren. Italian Novella: Rotunda. |
| S50 | Cruel relatives-in-law. Chinese: Graham. |
| S51 | Cruel mother-in-law. See references to K2110.1. and K2215, many of which have the present motif. *Type 706; *BP I 295ff.; *Dickson 25 n. 26, 29 n. 3, 30 n. 4, 31 n. 9, 41 n. 40; Saintyves Perrault 67; **Däumling Studie über den Typus des Märchens ohne Hände (München, 1912); *Andree (1878) 159; Hibbard 26; Schlauch Constance and Accused Queens 40. — English: Wells 96 (Chevalere Assigne), 118 (Octovian), 130 (Emare); Rumanian: Schullerus FFC LXXVIII No. 1480*; Italian: Basile Pentamerone V No. 5, *Rotunda; India: *Thompson-Balys; Hindu: Penzer III 44f.; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 342, 736; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 125, 189; New Guinea: Dixon 136; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Métraux RMLP XXXIII 177; Cape Verde Islands: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 180 n. 1. |
| S51.1 | Cruel mother-in-law plans death of daughter-in-law. India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| S52 | Cruel father-in-law. *Type 516; *Rösch FFC LXXVII 120; *BP I 46ff.; Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "gendre"; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 99—103, 105; India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 85, (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 168. |
| S54 | Cruel daughter-in-law. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 256f.; Marquesas: Handy 111. |
| S54.1 | Burned and underbaked bread. Wishing to rid herself of her father-in-law, the daughter-in-law starts to feed him burned bread; but the old man begins to thrive on it. When she tries underbaked bread, he dies very soon. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 2427*. |
| S55 | Cruel sister-in-law. Chinese: Graham. |
| S56 | Cruel son-in-law. India: Thompson-Balys; Marquesas: Handy 126; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Métraux RMLP XXXIII 177. |
| S56.1 | Lover asks girl to kill her father. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| S60 | Cruel spouse. |
| S62 | Cruel husband. *Type 760, 887. See references to H461. Icelandic: *Boberg; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 14; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 152; Eskimo: Boas BAM XV 188, 310, 331. |
| S62.1 | Bluebeard. Girl marries murderous husband. *Type 312; cf. Type 955; *BP I 404ff.; Child I 47; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 312f. Nos. 73, 77; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 91—93. |
| S62.2 | Man has bride drowned so that he may marry another. Italian Novella: Rotunda. |
| S62.3 | Barren wife exposed by husband. Jewish: Neuman. |
| S62.4 | Husband leaves wife to die of thirst. Marquesas: Handy 99. |
| S63 | Spouse murder pact. Princess kills her husband. Prince kills his wife. Murderers marry and usurp the throne. Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| S70 | Other cruel relatives. Missouri French: Carrière. |
| S71 | Cruel uncle. Irish myth: *Cross; English: Wells 19 (William of Palerne); Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "oncle"; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Greek: Aeschylus Agamemnon 1220 (Atreus); India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 447, 1303; Hindu: Keith 177; Chinese: Graham; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 422; Samoa: ibid. 473; Mono: Wheeler No. 29; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 313 n. 127. |
| S71.1 | Cruel uncle poisons nephew (king). Irish myth: *Cross. |
| S72 | Cruel aunt. Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 7; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham. |
| S73.1 | Fratricide. Krappe Revue des études Anciennes XXXV (1933) 146ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Greek: Grote I 219; Jewish: Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 13; Tonga: Gifford 83; Maori: Clark 157, Beckwith 157. |
| S73.1.0.1 | Murder of stepbrother (foster brother). Irish myth: *Cross. |
| S73.1.1 | Fratricide in order to gain control of kingship. Irish myth: *Cross; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 492. |
| S73.1.2 | Brother kills and eats brother. (Cf. G10.) Tonga: Gifford 27, Mono: Wheeler No. 22. |
| S73.1.3 | Elder brother threatens to kill younger as soon as he is born. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 436. |
| S73.1.4 | Fratricide motivated by love-jealousy. (Cf. T257.) Irish myth: Cross. |
| S73.2 | Person banishes brother (sister). Irish myth: Cross. |
| S73.3 | Man blinds brother. (Cf. S165.) Irish myth: *Cross. |
| S74 | Cruel nephew. Irish myth: Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller. |
| S74.1 | Nephew (niece) kills uncle. Irish myth: *Cross. |
| S100 | Revolting murders or mutilations. |
| S110 | Murders. Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| S110.1 | Old people killed in famine. *Wesselski Märchen 237 No. 48; Fb "gammel" IV 174a; Icelandic: *Boberg. |
| S110.1.1 | Child condemned to be killed in famine. Irish myth: Cross. |
| S110.2 | Man kills all guests, hoping some day to kill rival. Dickson 83 n. 47. |
| S110.3 | Princess builds tower of skulls of unsuccessful suitors. Malone PMLA XLIII 414; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| S110.3.1 | Princess makes necklace of heads of unsuccessful suitors. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| S110.4 | Prince resolves to drive relatives from his domain. Kills many. Italian Novella: Rotunda. |
| S110.5 | Murderer kills all who come to certain spot. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| S111 | Murder by poisoning. *Type 709; *Böklen 100ff.; *Child V 491 s.v. "Poisoning"; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Spanish: Espinosa II Nos. 115f., Espinosa Jr. Nos. 143, 145; Missouri French: Carrière; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 80, 491, 510, |
| S111.1 | Murder with poisoned bread. *Type 709; *Böklen 102; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 80 No. 12. |
| S111.2 | Murder with poisoned lace. *Type 709; *BP I 450ff.; *Böklen 104. |
| S111.3 | Murder with poisoned comb. *Type 709; *BP I 450ff.; *Böklen 109. |
| S111.4 | Murder with poisoned apple. *Type 709; *BP I 450ff.; *Böklen 100; Italian Novella: Rotunda. |
| S111.5 | Murder with poisoned book. King wets finger to turn leaves and falls dead. *Chauvin V 276 No. 156 n. 3. |
| S111.6 | Murder with poisoned robe. Consumes wearer. Greek: Fox 115, *Frazer Apollodorus I 123; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| S111.7 | Murder with poisoned slippers. Africa (Thonga): Junod 266ff., (Swahili): Baker FL XXXVIII 299ff. No. 16. |
| S111.8 | Murder by feeding poisonous snake. English ballad: Child No. 12 (Lord Randal); Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| S111.9 | Murder by placing a poisoned fingernail on step. India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| S112 | Burning to death. (See notes to K955 and Q414.) Irish myth: *Cross; English: Wells 97 (Chevalere Assigne); Spanish Exempla: Keller; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 192 No. 28. |
| S112.0.1 | City burned with all inhabitants. Irish myth: *Cross. |
| S112.0.2 | House (hostel) burned with all inside. Irish myth: *Cross; Marquesas: Handy 132; Easter Island: Métraux Ethnology 386; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 514. |
| S112.1 | Boiling to death. Often in pitch or oil. *Cosquin études 360ff.; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 83 No. 711A*; Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 321 n. 1; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda. |
| S112.2 | Murder with hot iron. Bored through eye or nose. *Krappe Balor 4ff.; Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 592, Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys.; Africa (Fjort): Dennett 52 No. 8. |
| S112.2.1 | Murder by hot iron through heart. Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 592, Boberg. |
| S112.2.2 | Murder by driving red-hot iron spits through soles of feet and into shins. Irish myth: *Cross. |
| S112.3 | Murder by hot lead poured into ear. (Cf. S115.1.) *Fb "øre" III 1180b, 1181a. |
| S112.4 | Attempted murder by live coals in garments. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| S112.5 | Murder by feeding on over-hot food. Person forced to eat. India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| S112.6 | Murder by roasting alive in oven furnace). Jewish: *Neuman; Tonga: Gifford 190. |
| S112.7 | Son takes mother to woods and tries to burn her up while she sleeps. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| S113 | Murder by strangling. See references to Q424. Irish myth: Cross; Chinese: Werner 267. |
| S113.1 | Murder by hanging. Dickson 186 n. 60; Icelandic: *Boberg; Missouri French: Carrière. |
| S113.1.1 | Slaves killed by hanging. Icelandic: *Boberg. |
| S113.1.2 | Prisoners taken in war (enemy's messengers) hanged. Icelandic: *Boberg. |
| S113.2 | Murder by suffocation. Irish myth: Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; West Indies: Flowers 575. |
| S113.2.1 | Devil cuts off hand of woman and suffocates her. Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 289; Scala Celi 57b No. 321. |
| S113.2.2 | Suffocating in bathroom. Icelandic: Boberg; Danish: Grundtvig No. 121; Lithuanian: M. Boehm u. F. Sprecht Lettische-Litauische Volksmärchen (Jena, 1924) 193 No. 11. |
| S113.2.3 | Murder by luring to feast and suffocating. All holes are stopped and house set afire. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| S114 | Murder by flaying. *Fb "hud" I 661; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman. |
| S114.1 | Skin of murdered person found in enemy's house. Koryak: *Jochelson JE VI 377. |
| S115 | Murder by stabbing. Heptameron No. 40; Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 592; Japanese: Ikeda. |
| S115.1 | Murder by stabbing in ear. (Cf. S112.3.) Koryak: Jochelson JE VI 236, 265; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 350 n. 264. |
| S115.2 | Murder by sticking needle through head. Italian: Basile Pentamerone V No. 9; Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 52, Rasmussen III 65, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 185. |
| S115.2.1 | Murder by driving nail through head. West Africa: Nassau Fetischism in West Africa (London, 1904) 337ff. No. 2. |
| S115.3 | Murder by piercing with pins and needles. India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| S116 | Murder by crushing. (Cf. S167.) Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Herrmann Saxo II 592, Boberg; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 168 No. 24. |
| S116.1 | Murder by grinding in mill. Irish myth: *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| S116.2 | Pregnant woman crushed beneath chariot. (Cf. S185.) Irish myth: Cross. |
| S116.3 | Murder by breaking back. Icelandic: *Boberg. |
| S116.4 | Murder by crushing head. Icelandic: *Boberg. |
| S116.5 | Murder by crushing beneath falling tree. India: Thompson-Balys; Tonga: Gifford 184. |
| S116.6 | Murder by trampling of horses (elephants). English romance: Malory IX 25; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 647. |
| S117 | Death by dragging behind horse. *Fb "hest" I 599b; India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| S118 | Murder by cutting. |
| S118.1 | Murder by cutting adversary in two. Icelandic: *Boberg. |
| S118.2 | Murder by cutting throat. Africa (Cameroon): Mansfield 228. |
| S121 | Murder by slamming down chest-lid. Done while victim is looking into the chest. *Type 720; *BP I 412ff., 422; *Cox 479; *Hdwb. d. Märchens I 91b n. 36; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 6; Icelandic: *Boberg. |
| S122 | Flogging to death. (Cf. Q458.2.) Fb "piske" II 834; Icelandic: Boberg; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 152. |
| S123 | Burial alive. **Feilberg "Levende begravet" (Еrbog for dansk Kulturhistorie, 1892); *Liebrecht 284; *Fb "høj" I 741b, "levende" II 403a—404a, "jord" II 45b. — Irish: *Cross, O'Suilleabhain 74, Beal XXI 327; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 326 No. 4; Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "enterrement"; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. Nos. 203f.; Greek: Sophocles' Antigone; India: *Thompson-Balys; Society Islands: Henry Ancient Tahiti (Honolulu, 1928) 557; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 221, 232, Rasmussen II 94, III 53, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 171, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 639, (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 34, (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 161, (Ungava): Turner RBAE VI 262. |
| S123.0.1 | Hostages buried alive. Irish myth: *Cross. |
| S123.1 | Burial alive of drugged person. *Chauvin VI 15 No. 188 n. 1. |
| S123.2 | Burial of living husband or wife with dead spouse. Type 612; *BP I 126ff., 128; *Chauvin VII 20 No. 373D; Missouri French: Carrière. |
| S123.2.1 | Burial of living man with dead blood brother. Icelandic: *Boberg. |
| S123.3 | Living children buried with dead mother. Child I 180, 185, IV 450a (No. 15). |
| S123.4 | Avenger plans to let king starve in mountain chamber. Icelandic: Boberg. |
| S123.5 | Burial alive of maiden to keep her safe from rival. Icelandic: Boberg. |
| S123.6 | Enemies buried alive up to their necks and exposed to jackals. (Cf. Q456.1.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 570. |
| S125 | Immolation. Greek: Grote I 278f.; Jewish: Neuman; S. A. Indian (Inca): Rowe BBAE CXLIII (2) 317. |
| S125.1 | Self-immolation. Hindu: Tawney I 163, 398, 522, II 255, 490, 546, 558, 560, Panchatantra III 8 (tr. Ryder 334). |
| S127 | Murder by throwing from height. Greek: Grote I 278. |
| S131 | Murder by drowning. Hdwb. d. Märchens I 346b nn. 130—46; English: Wells 96 (Chevalere Assigne); Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Missouri French: Carrière; Jewish: Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 651; Marquesas: Handy 53; Maori: Beckwith Myth 318; Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 56, Rasmussen I 363, III 200, (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 152, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 637; Africa (Fang): Einstein 153. |
| S131.1 | River carrier (whale, crocodile) throws passenger off and drowns him. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Madagascar): Renel II 207f. No. 119. |
| S132 | Murder by starvation. (Cf. R51.1, S123.4.) Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 287. |
| S133 | Murder by beheading. (Cf. Q421.) India: Thompson-Balys. |
| S135 | Murder by springing bent tree. Man bound to it is torn to pieces. (Cf. H1522.1.) Fb "træ" III 865b; India: Thompson-Balys; Icelandic: *Boberg. |
| S139 | Miscellaneous cruel murders. |
| S139.1 | Murder by twisting out intestines. (Cf. K1444, Q469.7.) *Fb "tarm" III 776a; Icelandic: *Boberg; Easter Island: Métraux Ethnology 66, 384. |
| S139.2 | Slain person dismembered. Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 72 n. 1; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| S139.2.1 | Head of murdered man displayed before his own house. *Siberian and North Pacific Coast of America: Jochelson JE VI 381. |
| S139.2.1.1 | Head of murdered man taken along as trophy. Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 43, 77. |
| S139.2.2 | Other indignities to corpse. Irish myth: Cross. |
| S139.2.2.1 | Heads of slain enemies impaled upon stakes. (Cf. Q421.1.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg. |
| S139.2.2.1.1 | Heads (tongues) of slain enemies as trophies. Irish myth: *Cross. |
| S139.2.2.1.2 | Impaled head used as target. Irish myth: Cross. |
| S139.2.2.1.3 | Custom: sitting upon head of slain enemy. Irish myth: *Cross. |
| S139.2.2.1.4 | Heads of defeated enemies hung on conqueror's saddle. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| S139.2.2.1.5 | Hand of slain enemy nailed to castle. Irish myth: Cross. |
| S139.2.2.1.6 | Heads brandished to intimidate foe. Irish myth: *Cross. |
| S139.2.2.2 | Dead man gutted and filled with stones. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| S139.2.2.3 | Dead dog buried with enemy. Irish myth: Cross. |
| S139.2.2.3.1 | Corpse buried face down as indignity. Irish myth: *Cross. |
| S139.2.2.4 | Parts of corpses used in sport. Irish myth: Cross. |
| S139.2.2.4.1 | Head used as ball. Irish myth: *Cross. |
| S139.2.2.4.2 | Brains of enemies fashioned into balls (as trophies for play). Irish myth: *Cross. |
| S139.2.2.4.3 | Chess board and men made from bones of slain enemies. Irish myth: Cross. |
| S139.2.2.5 | Corpses burned as fuel for cooking. Irish myth: Cross. |
| S139.2.2.6 | Corpse drawn asunder. Irish myth: Cross. |
| S139.2.2.7 | Ash (hazel) stakes thrust through bodies of slain warriors. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| S139.2.2.8 | Ashes of murdered person passed through sieve and remains put to manure heap. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| S139.3 | Captured women hanged and crucified. Irish myth: Cross. |
| S139.4 | Murder by mangling with axe. Irish myth: Cross. |
| S139.5 | Murder by cutting off uvula. Icelandic: Boberg. |
| S139.6 | Murder by tearing out heart. India: Thompson-Balys; Icelandic: *Boberg. |
| S139.7 | Murder by slicing person into small pieces. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 154; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (TpG. 3/912). |
| S139.8 | Murder by biting the throat. Icelandic: *Boberg. |
| S140 | Cruel abandonments and exposures. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| S140.1 | Abandonment of aged. Type 981*; *Encyc. Religion Ethics s.v. "Abandonment and exposure"; *F. Brouga-Brey Revista de dialectologia y tradiciones populares (Madrid) I 496—573; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 547; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 116; Japanese: Ikeda; Korean: Zong in-Sob 186 No. 82. |
| S141 | Exposure in boat. A person (usually woman or child) set adrift in a boat (chest, basket, cask). *Types 590, 675, 708, 930; BP I 489, II 236f., III 2; **Cosquin études 199ff., 215ff.; Chauvin VII 95ff.; *Hertel Zs. f. Vksk. XIX 83; *Aarne FFC XXIII 60; *Penzer II 4, VII 81 n. 1; Dickson 35 n. 16, 41f. nn. 40, 42, 169f. n. 23; *Krappe Balor 3ff., 17ff. nn. 57—60; *Sparnaay 31ff., 50; *Frazer Old Testament II 437ff.; *Fb "е" III 1187b, "bеd" IV 87a; *Schoepperle II 374 n. 4; Hibbard 276; *Basset 1001 Contes II 371. — Irish myth: *Cross; Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "enfant"; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 14; Spanish: Espinosa Jr. No. 116; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 2, *Rotunda; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 155, Grote I 86, *103, Fox 22, 33, 307; Egyptian: Müller 116; Babylonian: Spence 16; Jewish: *Neuman, bin Gorion Born Judas I 165, 372; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 103, 633; Japanese: *Ikeda; Chinese: Ferguson 192; Palaung tribe: Scott Indo-Chinese 276; Indonesian: DeVries's list No. 219; Tonga: Gifford 154; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/45); Marquesas: *Beckwith Myth 502 n. 4; Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 167, (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 152, (Ungava): Turner RBAE XI 261; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 313 n. 131. |
| S141.1 | Man springs ashore and pushes companion in boat out to sea. Icelandic: *Boberg. |
| S141.2 | Father saves himself in storm and forgets his two children. They are abandoned in a boat. Italian Novella: Rotunda. |
| S141.3 | Exposure astride a log of wood floated down river. India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| S142 | Person thrown into the water and abandoned. *Types 450, 506, 612, 667*, 707; *BP I 79ff., 126ff., II 380ff., III 490ff.; *Krappe Balor 12 n. 43; *Fb "spinde" III 492b; Dickson 86. — Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 167, *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; Italian: Basile Pentamerone IV No. 7; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 526; Tahiti: Handy 408; Tonga: Gifford 122; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/45, 403, z-G. 3/1117). |
| S143 | Abandonment in forest. *Types 327, 450, 708, 872*; BP I 79ff., 115ff.; *Dickson 35 n. 16; *Sparnaay 41ff.; Roberts 128. — English: Wells 118 (Octovian); Icelandic: Boberg; Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "abandon"; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 14; Missouri French: Carrière; Spanish: Espinosa II 99-105, Espinosa Jr. Nos. 142 —45; Greek: Grote I 109; India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| S143.1 | Child abandoned in hollow tree. English: Wells 126 (Lai Le Freine); Irish myth: *Cross. |
| S143.2 | Abandonment in tall tree. India: *Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Mundurucú): Horton BBAE CXLIII (3) 294, (Sherente): Lowie ibid. (1) 515. |
| S143.2.1 | Tortoise placed in tall tree and left. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa: Weeks Congo 209ff. No. 6. |
| S143.3 | Mutilated man on horseback chased into the forest. Icelandic: Boberg. |
| S143.4 | Husband abandons wife in childbirth in jungle. (Cf. S430.) India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| S144 | Abandonment in desert. *Type 310; BP I 97ff.; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| S144.1 | Abandonment alone on foreign coast. English: Wells 80 (Sir Tristrem). |
| S145 | Abandonment on an island. (Marooning.) *Type 506, 890; BP III 490ff.; Icelandic: *Boberg; Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "abandon"; French Canadian: Morin JAFL XXX 147; Italian Novella: *Rotunda; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 53 n. 5; Papua: Ker 7, 112; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 358; Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 56, Rasmussen III 200, (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 152, (Central): Boas RBAE VI 637, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 163, 166; N. A. Indian: *Thompson CColl II 405ff. |
| S146 | Abandonment in pit. Chauvin VII 108 No. 379bis; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Lagerholm 161—63, Boberg; Missouri French: Carrière; Hebrew: Genesis ch. 37, *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 41. |
| S146.1 | Abandonment in well. India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| S146.2 | Abandonment in cave. Tuamotu: Beckwith Myth 471. |
| S147 | Abandonment on mountain. *Type 675; Irish myth: Cross. |
| S147.1 | Abandonment on cliff. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule; Greek: Aeschylus Prometheus Bound; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| S147.1.1 | Abandonment on cliff near nest of a bird. S. A. Indian (Mundurucú): Horton BBAE CXLIII (3) 294. |
| S148 | Abandonment in bonds that cannot be loosed. Irish myth: Cross. |
| S152 | Children abandoned in box in potter's kiln. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| S153 | Abandonment in stable. India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| S160 | Mutilations. Nouvelles de Sens No. 24; Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| S160.1 | Self-mutilation. (Cf. T327.1, T327.2, T333.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Hindu: Penzer III 21 n.; Chinese: Werner 314. |
| S160.2 | Jealous women mutilate her who is most attractive to men. Irish myth: Cross. |
| S160.3 | Fairies mutilate mortals. (Cf. F362.) Irish myth: Cross. |
| S160.4 | Mutilation of envoys. (Cf. R51.3.) Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 701. |
| S160.5 | Moon mutilates his earth mistress. Eskimo (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 180. |
| S161 | Mutilation: cutting off hands (arms). Heptameron No. 48; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Missouri French: Carrière; Spanish: Keller, Espinosa II Nos. 99—103, Espinosa Jr. No. 137; Jewish: *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 710, 885; Eskimo (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 151. |
| S161.0.1 | Masons who build mausoleum of princess lose their right hands so they may never again construct so fine a building. (Cf. S165.7, W181.2.) India: Thompson-Balys. |
| S161.1 | Mutilation: cutting off fingers. *Fb "guld ring" I 514a; *Dickson 41 n. 41; Icelandic: *Boberg; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 22; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 17, Rasmussen III 58, (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 168, (Ungava): Turner RBAE XI 262, (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 152, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 165, (Central): Boas RBAE VI 584, 586, 637. |
| S161.1.1 | Child's finger-ends cut off to give long life. Irish myth: Cross. |
| S162 | Mutilation: cutting off legs (feet). *Type 519; *Krappe Archiv f. d. Studium d. neueren Sprachen CLX 161ff.; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 710, 885; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 242. |
| S162.1 | Fighting on stumps of legs after they have been cut off at knee. Child V 497 s.v. "stumps"; Icelandic: Boberg. |
| S162.2 | Hamstringing. E. H. Meyer Germanen 161f.; *P. Maurus Wielandsage in der Literatur (Müncher Beiträge zur rom. und eng. Philologie XXV [1902]); Icelandic: *Boberg. |
| S162.3 | Mutilation: cutting off toes. Icelandic: *Boberg. |
| S162.4 | Mutilation: cutting off heelbone. Icelandic: *Boberg. |
| S162.5 | Mutilation: crushing feet and turning them backward. Icelandic: *Boberg. |
| S163 | Mutilation: cutting (tearing) out tongue. Often to prevent revelation of secret. Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 67 No. 510, Keller; Greek: Fox 70 (Philomela), Grote I 181; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/600); Koryak, American Indian: *Jochelson JE VI 372. |
| S164 | Mutilation: knocking out teeth. Icelandic: *Boberg. |
| S165 | Mutilation: putting out eyes. *Types 310, 533, 590, 613; *BP I 97ff., II 273ff., 468ff., III 1ff.; **Christiansen FFC XXIV 46ff.; *Cox 501; Gaster Thespis 332f. — Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Missouri French: Carrière; Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "yeux"; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 63, 67 Nos. 455, 510, Espinosa II 99—103, 111—112, Espinosa Jr. No. 137; Greek: *Grote I 183, Fox 74 (Phineus); Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 111, 1163; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 250 No. 193; Tahiti: Beckwith Myth 251; Hawaii: ibid. 248; Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 165, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 585; N. A. Indian: *Thompson CColl II 391ff. |
| S165.1 | Eyes of beheaded person gouged out. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 278 n. 1. |
| S165.2 | Crane pecks out tiger's eyes. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| S165.3 | Blinding by thrusting needles into eyes. Irish myth: Cross. |
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