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Stith Thompson Motif Index

About this index and how to read it

Stith Thompson's Motif-Index of Folk-Literature classifies recurring narrative elements in folktales, myths, legends, ballads and related traditional narratives. Each entry below gives Thompson's motif reference and the description recorded in the index.

The index is large, so this browser displays 250 entries per page. You can search by motif reference or by words in the description, restrict the results to one of Thompson's main letter categories, and click motif references mentioned inside descriptions to follow cross-references. Individual motif pages also show any ATU tale types whose concordance explicitly cites that Thompson reference.

46,221 motifs

Page 109 of 185 · 250 per page
Thompson reference Description ▲
H222.0.1 Ordeal by water applied by druids. Irish myth: *Cross.
H222 Ordeal by water. Guilt or innocence shown by ability to swim. *Kittredge Witchcraft 232ff., 536ff.; Penzer VIII 195f.; Basset RTP VII 285; *Fb "svømme" III 695b, "vand" III 999b, "vandprøve" III 1005b; Loomis White Magic 41.—Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: Frazer Pausanias III 388; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3664; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; West Indies: Flowers 456.
H221.1.1 Ordeal: carrying live coals in robe or cloak without harm to garment or bearer. *Loomis White Magic 34.
H227 Ordeal: carrying murdered man's blood. Must not spill it. Fb "blod" IV 47b.
H235 Ordeal: cock under pot crows when guilty person touches pot. England: *Baughman.
H233.1 Ordeal: names of suspected persons are placed in chalice on altar: the one to whom the lot falls is guilty. Irish myth: Cross.
H233 Ordeal: taking stone out of bucket. Color indicates guilt or innocence. Irish myth: *Cross.
H221.2.1 Ordeal: virgin to pull on hot iron and name men. Only with guilty will she and he be burnt. India: Thompson-Balys.
H225.2 Ordeal: walking on eggs. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 22.
H225.1 Ordeal: walking on ladder of knives. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 22.
H220 Ordeals. Guilt or innocence thus established. **Patetta Le Ordalie (1890). *Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 994ff.; Penzer VIII 196 n.; Keith Encyc. Relig. Eth. s.v. "ordeal"; Basset RTP XVII 397, 597, XIX 156ff., XXIII 182.—Irish: *Cross, Beal XXI 317; English: Child V 490 "ordeal"; Icelandic: Boberg; West Indies: Flowers 455.
D2074.2.4.4 Order for spirit's help left on card. *Krappe Archiv. f. d. Studium d. neueren Sprachen CLVIII 16ff.
K231.6.1.1 Order to put a small vessel of milk into huge container. Shrewd group each by himself pours water thinking this will not be detected if the others pour milk. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1300 Ordering of human life. India: Thompson-Balys.
K1951.5 Ordinary man assumes high sounding name and challenges enemy chief to single combat. Latter is frightened into believing him to be of exceptional prowess and desists from attacking the city. Italian Novella: Rotunda.
E789.1 Organs exchanged with those of animal. India: Thompson-Balys.
A2426.2.18 Origin and meaning of cock's cry "cock-a-doodle-do". India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 13.
A2356 Origin and nature of animal's back. Dh III 42ff.
A2354 Origin and nature of animal's belly.
A2353 Origin and nature of animal's breast.
A2362 Origin and nature of animal's buttocks.
A2375 Origin and nature of animal's feet. Dh III 45ff.
A2365 Origin and nature of animal's genitals. India: Thompson-Balys.
A2326 Origin and nature of animal's horns. Dh III 30ff.—India: Thompson-Balys.
A2371 Origin and nature of animal's legs. Dh III 45.
A2342 Origin and nature of animal's lips.
A2364 Origin and nature of animal's loins.
A2341 Origin and nature of animal's mouth. Dh III 22—27.
A2335 Origin and nature of animal's nasal organ (nose, snout, proboscis, etc.).
A2351 Origin and nature of animal's neck.
A2335.3 Origin and nature of animal's proboscis.
A2416 Origin and nature of animal's smell. *Dh III 233f.
A2335.4 Origin and nature of animal's snout (muzzle).
A2378 Origin and nature of animal's tail. Dh III 47ff.
A2363 Origin and nature of animal's teats.
A2345 Origin and nature of animal's teeth.
A2344 Origin and nature of animal's tongue. Dh III 27ff.
A2355 Origin and nature of animal's waist.
A2332 Origin and nature of animals' eyes.
A2343 Origin and nature of bird's beak. Dh III 26.
A705 Origin and nature of clouds.
A2346 Origin and nature of insect's sting.
A1614.1.2 Origin of "goat-heads" from curse of Ham. Irish myth: Cross.
A1534 Origin of "guesting." Irish myth: Cross.
A2654 Origin of "Mary's bed straw" (thymus serpyllum). Flemish: De Meyer FFC XXXVII 91 No. 251*.
A1178 Origin of "yesterday" and "today." India: Thompson-Balys.
A1653.2 Origin of a king's family from a fairy prince. India: Thompson-Balys.
A941.0.1 Origin of a particular spring. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1351.2 Origin of abortions. Jewish: Neuman.
A1319.1 Origin of Adam's apple. Forbidden fruit sticks in Adam's throat.—*Dh I 208ff.; *Fb "Adamsæble" IV 4.—Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 5 No. 16, XXXIII 52 No. 16; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 35 No. 10; Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 34; U.S.: Baughman; Jewish: Neuman.
A1599 Origin of additional customs.
A1556.3 Origin of adultery. It occurs in the primeval human family. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 69.
A2315.2 Origin of alligator's scales. (Cf. A2311.7.)—Dh III 10.—Am. Negro: (Georgia): Harris Nights 26.
A1599.16 Origin of allusive expression for the story of gods' incest and trickery. Marquesas: Handy 123.
A1484.2 Origin of alphabet. Jewish: Neuman.
A2755.3.1 Origin of amber in poplar trees. (Cf. A2731.2.)—Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 82 n. 2.
A1611.1 Origin of American Indian tribes.
A2160 Origin of amphibia.
A955.3.1 Origin of an island's shape. India: Thompson-Balys.
A2284 Origin of animal characteristics: animal persuaded into self-injury.
A2310 Origin of animal characteristics: body covering.
A2300 Origin of animal characteristics: body.
A2330 Origin of animal characteristics: face.
A2320 Origin of animal characteristics: head.
A2350 Origin of animal characteristics: trunk.
A2425 Origin of animal cries. (See A2261.1, A2272.1, A2275.1, A2275.2.) —*Millier (A.) Petits Contes du Nivernais (Nevers, 1894); Dh III 355ff.; BP II 535; Wienert FFC LVI 40; Chauvin VIII 49 No. 17; India: Thompson-Balys.
A2412 Origin of animal markings. (See A2211.12, A2221.3, A2221.7.) —Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 61, 75.
A1545.3 Origin of animal sacrifices. India: *Thompson-Balys.
A2312 Origin of animal shell. Tahiti: Henry 339.
A1546.7 Origin of animal worship.
A2356.1 Origin of animal's back.
A2305 Origin of animal's flat body.
A2371.1 Origin of animal's legs.
A2351.4 Origin of animal's long neck.
A2335.1 Origin of animal's nose.
A2311 Origin of animal's skin. Dh III 7ff.
A2413 Origin of animal's stripes.
A2325 Origin of animals' ears.
A2332.1 Origin of animals' eyes.
A2335.3.1 Origin of anteater's proboscis. Transformed digging-stick. (See A2262.)
A2351.4.3 Origin of antelope's long neck. Africa (Cameroon): Mansfield
A1596 Origin of army. Irish myth: Cross.
A1491 Origin of art of walking on stilts. Marquesas: Handy 114.
A1487.1.1 Origin of astrology. Jewish: Neuman.
A1487.1 Origin of astronomy. Jewish: Neuman.
A1315.2 Origin of bald heads. Christensen Molboerne 212 No. 70; Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 6 No. 17, XXXIII 52 No. 17; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 82 No. 20; Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 84 No. 17; India: Thompson-Balys.
A1495.1 Origin of ball game. Mangaia (Cook Island): Beckwith myth: 336.
A2681.6 Origin of bamboo. India: *Thompson-Balys.
A2687.5 Origin of banana. Tonga: Gifford 17.
A2681.10 Origin of banyan tree. Marquesas: Handy 123.
A2751.1 Origin of bark on plants. (See A2736.)
A1453.5 Origin of bark-cloth. India: Thompson-Balys.
A2685.4 Origin of barley. Finnish: Kalevala rune 2; Jewish: Neuman.
A1446.5.5 Origin of baskets. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1341.1 Origin of battle-shouting. Irish myth: Cross.
A2686.6 Origin of beans. S. Am. Indian (Caingang): Métraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 473.
A1315.3 Origin of beard. *Dh I 228ff.—Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 5 Nos. 13, 14, XXXIII 52 No. 13; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 83 Nos. 23, 24; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 141 No. 11; Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 58-62, 70.
A1599.15 Origin of begging. India: Thompson-Balys.
A2687.3 Origin of berries. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 188, 282.
A2691.5 Origin of betel. India: Thompson-Balys.
A2655 Origin of bindweed (convolvulus sepium). Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 91 No. 252*.
A2681.4 Origin of birch trees.
A2321 Origin of bird crests. Dh III 18f.—Tahltan- Teit JAFL XXXII 208f.
A2313 Origin of bird's feathers.
A2343.1 Origin of bird's long beak.
A2425.2 Origin of birds' morning-songs (from singing angels). Jewish: Neuman.
A1447.2 Origin of blacksmith work. Irish myth: Cross.
A1339.1 Origin of blindness. Jewish: Neuman; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Métraux MAFLS XL 145.
A2755.2 Origin of blood-colored sap in trees. (See A2721.2.1.)—India: Thompson-Balys.
A2687.1 Origin of blood-oranges. Sébillot RTP III 25.
A1319.6 Origin of blood. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.
A1445.1 Origin of boat-building. Greek: Aeschylus Prometheus Bound, line 468; Jewish: Neuman; Africa (Benga): Nassau No. 3, (Fang): Trilles 159; Marquesas: Handy 128; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 15; Samoa: ibid. 271.
A2122 Origin of bonito. Tonga: Buford 57.
A997 Origin of boundaries. Jewish: Neuman.
A1459.1.1 Origin of bows and arrows. India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.
A1381 Origin of bravery.
A2681.11 Origin of breadfruit tree. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 68, 971, 101.
A1591 Origin of burial. Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: Boberg; Finnish: Aarne FFC VII 9 No. 41, XXXIII 53 No. 41.—India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 226; Maidu: Dixon BAM XVII 44 No. 1.
A1611.3.1 Origin of Bushmen. Hottentot: Bleek 83 No. 40.
A2412.3.2 Origin of butterflies' marks. Korean: Zong in-Sob 39 No. 23.
A2321.7 Origin of buzzard's crest. Cherokee: Alexander N. Am. 65.
A1545.3.2 Origin of calf sacrifices. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1546.0.3 Origin of calf-statues in temples. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 136.
A2825 Origin of canes: from whip thrust into ground. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1516 Origin of cannibalism. Maori: Clark 15; Easter Is.: Métraux Ethnology 377.
A1445.2 Origin of carpentry. Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Aeschylus Prometheus Bound line 447; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 70.
A1651.1 Origin of castes from instructions received in dream. India: Thompson-Balys.
A2311.2 Origin of cat's skin. (See A2210.)—Dh I 157, III 7.
A2127 Origin of catfish. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1439.4 Origin of cauldrons. Irish myth: Cross.
A1435.0.1 Origin of cave-digging. Irish myth: Cross.
A2681.13 Origin of cedar tree. Jewish: Neuman.
A1556.2 Origin of celibacy. Lithuanian: Balys Legends No. 109.
A1611.5.4 Origin of Celts. Irish myth: Cross (A1611.8).
A2685 Origin of cereals.
A1452 Origin of charcoal making. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1562.1 Origin of charms for pregnant women. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 181.
Z21.1 Origin of chess. Inventor asks one wheat-grain for first square, two for the second, four for the third, eight for the fourth, etc. The king cannot pay. **Taylor JAFL XLVI 79 No. 2009; *Livingston MLN XLV 246—51; Murray History of Chess (Oxford, 1913) 207—9, 755; India: Thompson-Balys.
A1351.1 Origin of childbirth pains. Jewish: Neuman; Africa (Togo): Einstein 8f.
A1351 Origin of childbirth. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.—Maori: Dixon 78; Polynesian, Melanesian, Micronesian: ibid. 79 n. 79-82; Maori, Hawaii, Cook Is., Fijis: Beckwith Myth 502-504; Hawaii: ibid. 284, Marquesas: Handy 58, 122, 128; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 288 n. 59a, (Tahltan): *Teit JAFL XXXII 207 n. 2.
A1337.2 Origin of cholera. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1546.3 Origin of Christian worship.
A1466 Origin of church bells.
A2823 Origin of churning stick. India: Thompson-Balys.
A2686.8 Origin of cinnamon. Jewish: Neuman.
A1567 Origin of circumcision. Jewish: Neuman.
A995 Origin of cities. Jewish: Neuman.
A998 Origin of clay. India: Thompson-Balys.
A968 Origin of cliffs.
A1313.2.1 Origin of clitoris. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1453 Origin of cloth-making. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1133.1 Origin of clouds from Ymir's brain. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 325f., Boberg.
A1133.2 Origin of clouds: creator ornaments the sky with clouds so that the mountains are sometimes shaded. India: Thompson-Balys.
A705.1 Origin of clouds. India: Thompson-Balys; Icel.: Boberg.
A1133 Origin of clouds. Jewish: Neuman; Maori: Clark 19; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 97; Eskimo (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 79; S. Am. Indian (Chamacoco): Métraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 366.
A2663 Origin of clove. Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 92 No. 261*.
A779.1 Origin of Coal Sack. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Métraux MAFLS XL 22, 47.
A1431 Origin of coal. Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 84 No. 29; Africa (Fang): Trilles 132.
A1545.3.3 Origin of cock sacrifice. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 120 No. 78.
A2321.10 Origin of cock's red crest. Lithuanian: Balys Index 3160; India: Thompson-Balys.
A2061.1 Origin of cockroach in Finland. Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 22 No. 125.
A2681.5.1 Origin of coconut tree. (See A2611.3.)—Oceanic (Cove Is.): Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 104, (Tahiti): ibid. 101, (New Guinea): ibid. 102, (Marshall Is.): Davenport 223, (Marquesas): Handy 30.
A1423.3 Origin of coconut. Maniliki, Cook Island: Beckwith Myth 256; Tonga: Gifford 182.
A1571 Origin of code of conduct between husband and wife.
A1576 Origin of code of conduct for parents toward children of polygamous marriage. India: Thompson-Balys.
A2691.1 Origin of coffee. Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 23 No. 127.
A1135.1 Origin of cold in winter.
A1135.1.1 Origin of cold: sun turns fiery face upward. Jewish: Neuman.
A2411 Origin of color of animal.
A2356.3 Origin of color of animal's back.
A2371.4 Origin of color of animal's legs.
A2378.8 Origin of color of animal's tail. India: Thompson-Balys.
A2411.3.1 Origin of color of bee. Dh I 129.—India: Thompson-Balys.
A2411.2 Origin of color of bird. Lithuanian: Balys Index Nos. 3158, 3165, Legends No. 261f.; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 127; Japanese: Ikeda; N. A. Indian (Canadian Dakota): Wallis JAFL XXXVI 66; (Southern Ute): Lowie JAFL XXXVII 32 No. 18, 69 No. 38, (Tahltan): Teit JAFL XXXII 208f.; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Métraux MAFLS XL 39f.
A2411.2.4 Origin of color of caraciiformes.
A2411.2.3 Origin of color of charidriiformes.
A2411.2.5 Origin of color of ciconiiformes.
A2411.2.2 Origin of color of falconiformes.
A2411.1.1 Origin of color of felidae.
A2411.4 Origin of color of fish.
A2411.1.7.1 Origin of color of hyena. (365 colors): Jewish: Neuman.
A2411.3 Origin of color of insect. Japanese: Ikeda.
A2411.1 Origin of color of mammals.
A2411.1.2 Origin of color of mustelidae.
A2411.2.6 Origin of color of other birds.
A2411.1.7 Origin of color of other mammals.
A2411.2.1 Origin of color of passeriformes.
A2411.1.5 Origin of color of primata.
A2411.1.4 Origin of color of rodentia.
A2411.1.6 Origin of color of ungulata.
A797 Origin of colors at sunrise and sunset. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G. 3/191).
A2782 Origin of combustible property of wood. Tonga: Gifford 23.
A786 Origin of comets. Frazer Ovid III 198 n. 4.—Tahiti: Henry 227; S. Am. Indian (Viracocha): Steward-Métraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 551.
A1549.1 Origin of commemorative religious meal (to memorialize death or actions of ancestor or holy person). India: Thompson-Balys.
A1471 Origin of commerce. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Benga): Nassau No. 3.
A1514 Origin of compulsory drinking at feast. Jewish: Neuman.
A779.2 Origin of constellation Aquila. Gaster Thespis 293.
A779.3 Origin of constellation Argo. Greek: Grote I 221.
A776 Origin of constellation Lyra. Greek (Orpheus's lyre).
A777 Origin of constellation Scorpio. Maori: Clark 56; Cook Is.: Clark 81, 83; S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Métraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 483, (Toba, Vilela): Métraux MAFLS XL 21f.
A766 Origin of constellations. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 176.—Quileute: Farrand JAFL XXXII 266; Ojibwa: Carson JAFL XXX 493; S. Am. Indian (Amazon): Alexander Lat. Am. 288, (Mojo): Métraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 424, (Bacairi): Lévi-Strauss ibid. 348.—African: Werner African 229.—For the origin of particular constellations see A770A779.
A1455 Origin of cooking. Greek: Grote I 163; India: *Thompson-Balys; Marquesas: Handy 104, 128; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Métraux MAFLS XL 108f.; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 373 (water for cooking.)
A2685.1 Origin of corn. (See A2611.1.)—India: Thompson-Balys.
A2684.3 Origin of cotton plant. S. Am. Indian (Paressi): Métraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 359.
A1399.4 Origin of coughing. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1599.12 Origin of covenanted friendships. India: Thompson-Balys.
A2311.6 Origin of cow's and buffalo's hides. (See A2247.1.)—Indonesian: De Vries's list No. 97.
A2312.1.1 Origin of cracks in tortoise's shell. Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale 373 No. 23.
A2171.1 Origin of crayfish.
A2682 Origin of creepers. India: Thompson-Balys; S. Am. Indian (Mataco): Métraux MAFLS XL 128.
A1592 Origin of cremation. Icel.: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys; Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 239ff.
A2321.4 Origin of crested-lark's crest. Dh III 19.
A969.8 Origin of crevasse. Africa (Bushongo): Torday 251.
A1338.1 Origin of cripples. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 114f.
A1542.2.1 Origin of crocodile dance. Africa (Fang): Einstein 48.
A1546.7.1 Origin of crocodile worship. Africa (Fang): Einstein 50.
A2171 Origin of crustaceans.
A2426.2.16 Origin of cry of brain-fever bird. India: Thompson-Balys.
A2313.1 Origin of cuckoo's feathers. (See A2241.6.)—Dh. III 140.—Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 17 No. 94 (cf. A2411.2.6.10).
A2684 Origin of cultivated plants. (Cf. A2685, A2691.2.)—Jibaro: Karsten, cf. JAFL XXXII 446; Tonga: Gifford 17f.; Japanese: Beckwith Myth 102.
A511.1.4.1 Origin of culture hero from bursting stone. Oceanic (Banks Group, Tonga, Celebes, Union Group, Gilbert Group): Dixon 111.
A1457.2 Origin of custom of catching fish by day as well as by night. Irish myth: Cross.
A1599.9 Origin of custom of committing suicide by strangling. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1515 Origin of custom of eating certain animals.
A1515.1 Origin of custom of eating flesh of buffalo. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1512 Origin of custom of not eating in the dark: devil eats from plates. India: *Thompson-Balys.
A1596.1 Origin of custom of paying soldiers. Irish myth: Cross.
A1555.2 Origin of custom of purchasing wives. Irish Myth: Cross.
A1597.2 Origin of custom of shaving. Irish myth: Cross.
A1555.1.1 Origin of custom of throwing fruits on bridal couple. Jewish: Neuman.
A1597 Origin of custom of wearing a beard. Irish myth: Cross.
A1683.3 Origin of custom of wearing mantles. Irish myth: Cross.
A1441.2 Origin of custom of yoking oxen. Irish myth: Cross.
A1560 Origin of customs connected with birth. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1559 Origin of customs of courtship and marriage—miscellaneous.
A1550 Origin of customs of courtship and marriage. India: *Thompson-Balys.
A1598 Origin of customs of hospitality. Jewish: Neuman.
A1500 Origin of customs—general. Irish: Beal XXI 324—326; Jewish: Neuman.
A1525 Origin of customs: game-division. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 243f.
A2182.4 Origin of cutworm. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 135.
A2651 Origin of daisy. (See A2612.2.)—Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 92 No. 253*.
A2681.8 Origin of dammar tree. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1462 Origin of dancing. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1179.2 Origin of dawn.
A1171.4 Origin of day: son of the night and the dawn. Icel.: Boberg.
A1171 Origin of day.
A1335.9 Origin of death because people weary of living. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1335.8 Origin of death because world is overpopulated. India: *Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 173; S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Métraux RMLP XXXIII 171.
A1335.2 Origin of death from bad creator's unsuccessful imitation. The bad creator attempts in vain to endow his creations with life like the good creator. Fails and thus introduces death.—Banks Is.: Dixon 106; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 61.
A1335.1 Origin of death from falsified message. *Dh III 22; *Wesselski Theorie 43; Gaster Oldest Stories 91.—African: Werner African 160ff., 167, (Hottentot): Bleek 69 No. 31, 71 No. 32, 72 No. 33, 74 No. 35, (Basuto): Jacottet 46 No. 6, (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 129 No. 23, (Togo): Einstein 5, (Sandeh): Casati I 222; S. Am. Indian (Cashinawa): Métraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 684, (Tropical Forests): Lowie ibid. (3) 55.