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Stith Thompson Motif Index
About this index and how to read it
Stith Thompson's Motif-Index of Folk-Literature classifies recurring narrative elements in folktales, myths, legends, ballads and related traditional narratives. Each entry below gives Thompson's motif reference and the description recorded in the index.
The index is large, so this browser displays 250 entries per page. You can search by motif reference or by words in the description, restrict the results to one of Thompson's main letter categories, and click motif references mentioned inside descriptions to follow cross-references. Individual motif pages also show any ATU tale types whose concordance explicitly cites that Thompson reference.
All
A
Mythological Motifs
B
Animal Motifs
C
Motifs of Tabu
D
Magic
E
The Dead
F
Marvels
G
Ogres
H
Tests
J
The Wise and the Foolish
K
Deceptions
L
Reversals of Fortune
M
Ordaining the Future
N
Chance and Fate
P
Society
Q
Rewards and Punishments
R
Captives and Fugitives
S
Unnatural Cruelty
T
Sex
U
The Nature of Life
V
Religion
W
Traits of Character
X
Humor
Z
Miscellaneous Groups of Motifs
| Thompson reference | Description ▲ |
|---|---|
| D1610.24.2 | Helmet shrieks. (Cf. D1101.4.) Irish myth: *Cross. |
| N826 | Help from beggar. (Cf. N825.3.1.) *Type 531; Fb "tigger" III 794b; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| N825.3.3 | Help from grandmother. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 69. |
| N821 | Help from little man. *Types 513B, 570; *BP III 267ff. |
| G530.2 | Help from ogre's daughter (or son). (Cf. G455.) *Type 975**; **Aarne FFC XXIII 160f.; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 54, *Boberg; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 9, V No. 4; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 109 n. 4; India: *Thompson-Balys; Mono-Alu: Wheeler 8f., 31, 44ff., 48; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 325 n. 171; S. A. Indian (Ceuici): Alexander Lat. Am. 303; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 49, (Ekoi): Talbot 7. |
| G530.4 | Help from ogre's grandmother. *Type 812; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| G530.3 | Help from ogre's mother. *Aarne FFC XXIII 158; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 86; India: *Thompson-Balys; Jamaica: *Beckwith MAFLS XVII 274 No. 86. |
| G530.1 | Help from ogre's wife (mistress). *Types 302, 461; *Aarne FFC XXIII 160; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "ogresse"; India: *Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 325 n. 171. |
| N825.3.1 | Help from old beggar woman. *Hdwb. d. Märchens I 248b; BP III 206 (Grimm No. 150.) |
| G530.5 | Help from old woman in ogre's house. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| H986 | Help in performance of tasks: invisible hands. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| H970 | Help in performing tasks. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| T66 | Help in wooing. (Cf. B582.) |
| K649.7.2 | Helper dressed in bear's skin helps to escape. Krappe Scandinavian Studies XVIII (1945) 275—283; Icelandic: Þiðriks saga I 261-72 (cf. 339—40), Asbjørnsen og Moe No. 58 (type 590), Boberg. |
| N801 | Helper grateful for being bought from slavery. Type 516; Rösch FFC LXXVII 97. |
| N595 | Helper in hiding treasure killed in order that nobody may ever find it. Icelandic: Boberg. |
| K2036 | Helper steals object obtained at end of quest. Irish myth: Cross. |
| D2074.2.4.3 | Helper summoned by calling his name. India: Thompson-Balys (D1420.4). |
| D1420.4 | Helper summoned by calling his name. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| N810.2 | Helper's beard and eyebrows cut. Only after hero has performed this service is help forthcoming. *BP II 392. |
| H1235.1 | Helpers on quest demand pay for advice. Chinese: Graham. |
| H1233 | Helpers on quest. India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| N800 | Helpers. |
| F456.1.2.2 | Helpful actions of knockers. England, U.S.: *Baughman. |
| B493 | Helpful amphibian. |
| N814 | Helpful angel. Hdwb. d. Märchens I 535b; Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| B491.4.2 | Helpful angleworm. Chinese: Graham. |
| B319.2 | Helpful animal acquired as reward for vigil. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges. |
| K341.18 | Helpful animal amuses princess with tricks and secures key to treasury. Africa (Nubia): Basset Contes populaires d'Afrique 133ff. No. 52, (Swahili): Steere 13ff. |
| B313 | Helpful animal an enchanted person. *Types 314, 328 (FFC LXXXIII), 402, 510, 530, 531, 532, 533, 545, 550, 551. |
| B314 | Helpful animal brothers-in-law. *Type 552; *BP III 424ff.—Missouri French: Carrière. |
| B536 | Helpful animal cares for wounded (sick) master. |
| B322 | Helpful animal demands food. Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "viande", "oiseau"; Japanese: Ikeda. |
| C935 | Helpful animal disappears when tabu is broken. *Fb "spise" III 495e; Hartland Science 142; Irish: Beal XXI 329, 337; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 245. |
| B562.1.0.1 | Helpful animal discovers jewel. Africa (Swahili): Steere 13ff., Meinhof Afrikanische Märchen 9ff. No. 1, Bateman 99ff. No. 7. |
| B531.4 | Helpful animal drops magic food. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| B311.1 | Helpful animal foster brother. Hero reared by animal's parents. —Africa (Akan-Ashanti): Rattray Akan-Ashanti Folk Tales 206 No. 53, (Kassonke): Monteil Contes Soudanais 126ff. |
| B336 | Helpful animal killed (threatened) by ungrateful hero.—Spanish Exempla: Keller.—Africa (Hausa): Mischlich Neue Märchen aus Afrika 164ff. No. 22, Frobenius Atlantis IX 277ff., 287ff., Nos. 74 and 75, (Swahili): Steere Swahili Tales 13ff., Meinhof Afrikanische Märchen 9ff. No. 1, Bateman Zanzibar Tales 99ff. No. 7. |
| B335 | Helpful animal killed by hero's enemy. *Types 510, 533; *BP III 60ff.; *Cox Cinderella 477 n. 7.—India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.—N. A. Indian (Menomini): Hoffman RBAE XIV 236. |
| B331 | Helpful animal killed through misunderstanding. |
| B319 | Helpful animal otherwise acquired. |
| H1092.1 | Helpful animal performs spinning task. (Cf. B571.) Köhler-Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. VI 71; Lithuanian: Balys Index Nos. 453*, 481*. |
| B312.4 | Helpful animal purchased. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Swahili): Steere Swahili Tales 13ff., Meinhof Afrikanische Märchen 9ff. No. 1, Bateman Zanzibar Tales 99ff. No. 7. |
| B531.3 | Helpful animal recovers magic food-producing skin from river bottom. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| B313.2 | Helpful animal reincarnation of murdered child. German: Grimm No. 47. |
| B313.1 | Helpful animal reincarnation of parent. The dead mother appears to the heroine in the form of an animal.—*Cox Cinderella 475 n. 4; BP I 187, III 60ff.—India: *Thompson-Balys, *Cosquin Contes indiens 505ff.; Japanese: Ikeda. |
| B319.1 | Helpful animal sent by God (or a god). Irish myth: Cross. |
| B527.2 | Helpful animal stops leak in Noah's Ark. Dh I 276ff. |
| B300 | Helpful animal. See also entire section B300—599, especially B350.—*Krappe "Guiding animals" JAFL LV (1942) 228—246; "Warning animals" FL LIX (1948) 8—15.—*Toldo Studien zur vgl. Littgsch. VIII 38.—Irish myth: Cross.—Hindu: Penzer I 101f., V 157f., 163f., VI 291, VIII 219.—India: Thompson-Balys.—N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 316 n. 146.—Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 313. |
| B341 | Helpful animal's injunctions disobeyed. Disaster follows.—Type 531; MacCulloch Childhood 229; Missouri French: Carrière; N. A. Indian (Menomini): Hoffman RBAE XIV 183, (Zuсi): Cushing 54. |
| R231.2.1 | Helpful animal's tail cut off so pursuers who hang onto tail are shaken off into river. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| B312.3 | Helpful animal(s) bequeathed to hero. Italian Novella: Rotunda; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Hausa): Best Black Folk Tales 71ff., Tremearne Hausa Superstitions and Customs 374ff. No. 79; Madagascar: (Marofotsy) Renel Contes de Madagascar I 65ff. No. 9. |
| B312.1 | Helpful animals a gift. German Grimm No. 60, 126; Irish myth: Cross; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 40 No. 300; Icel.: Boberg, Þiðriks saga I 314—18; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda. |
| N2.4 | Helpful animals lost in wager. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| B312.2 | Helpful animals obtained by exchange. *Type 300; *Hartland Perseus III 195; De Gubernatis Zool. Myth. III 36 n.—N. A. Indian: Thompson CColl II 329ff. |
| B312 | Helpful animals obtained by purchase or gift. |
| B526.1 | Helpful animals quench execution fire. Master is to be burned at stake.—Dh I 315. |
| B318 | Helpful animals transformed from other animals. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| B481.1 | Helpful ant. (Cf. B362.)—Fb "myre". Fable: Halm Aesop No. 296, Wienert FFC LVI 59 (ET 201), 127 (ST 356).—Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "fourmi", "animaux".—Missouri-French: Carrière.—Africa (Fjort): Dennett 126.—India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesian: Dixon 217, De Vries Volksverhalen I No. 67, II No. 170; Chinese: Graham. |
| B443.2 | Helpful antelope. Southeastern Africa: Macdonald FL III 352ff. No. 4. |
| B441.1.1 | Helpful ape. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 180.—Africa: Rochemonteix Quelques Contes Nubiens 48ff. No. 4, 55ff. No. 5, Basset Contes populaires d'Afrique 133ff. No. 52, (Bambara): Travélé Proverbes et Contes Bambara 200f. No. 65, (Temne): Schlender 87ff. No. 7, (Swahili): Steere 13ff. |
| B402 | Helpful ass. *Fb "æsel" III 1155a.—India: Thompson-Balys. |
| B433.2 | Helpful badger. Jewish: Neuman; Japanese: Mitford 270ff. |
| B437.1.1 | Helpful bandicoot. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| B449.3 | Helpful bat. N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 318 n. 151 b. |
| B435.4 | Helpful bear. *Fb "Bjørn" IV 42a, 43a.—Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Missouri-French: Carrière. |
| B481.3 | Helpful bee. *Fb "bi" IV 36b.—Finnish: Kalevala rune 15; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Jewish: Neuman; Japanese: Ikeda, Anesaki 323. |
| B524.2.1 | Helpful bees (hornets) sting opposing army. Spanish Exempla: Keller; Jewish: *Neuman, Bin Gorion Born Judas III 113ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Anesaki 323. |
| B536.1 | Helpful bird cares for blinded master. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| B317 | Helpful bird hatched by hero. Hero holds eagle's egg in hand and hatches it. Young eagle becomes his helper.—German New Guinea: Dixon 141. |
| B524.1.6 | Helpful bird kills snake attacking master's wife and child. Africa (Mbundu): JAFL XXXV 136ff. No. 16. |
| B322.2 | Helpful birds demand food. Chinese: Graham. |
| B457 | Helpful birds—charidriiformes. |
| B463 | Helpful birds—ciconiiformes. |
| B461 | Helpful birds—coraciiformes. |
| B455 | Helpful birds—falconiformes. |
| B469 | Helpful birds—miscellaneous. |
| B451 | Helpful birds—passeriformes. |
| B450 | Helpful birds. *Köhler-Bolte I 185, 277; *Type 781; *Chauvin II 109 No 73, V 242 No. 142; *Basset 1001 Contes III 295; *Fb "fugl"; Wesselski Märchen 231.—Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 101; Irish myth: Cross; English: Child Eng.-Scot. Pop. Ballads II 113 n., 356ff., 362f., 365f., III 4, 8; IV 412, 482, 485f.; V 234.—Italian Novella: Rotunda; Missouri French: Carrière.—Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys Japanese: Ikeda.—Indonesian: De Vries' List No. 209.—Mono-Alu: Wheeler 20, 36, 46, 60f.—Papua: Ker 41, 45, 57, 64, 103.—New Hebrides: Codrington No. III 8. N. A. Indian (Pawnee): Alexander N. Am. 81.—Africa (Benga): Nassau 140 No. 16, (Ekoi): Talbot 233, (Angola): Chatelain 145 No. 14, (Kaffir): Theal 37, 47, 127, (Swahili): Steere 199, (Basuto): Jacottet 104 No. 15. |
| B411.4.1 | Helpful bison. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| B414.1 | Helpful boar. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| B411.4 | Helpful buffalo. India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| B524.1.5.1 | Helpful buffaloes save hero from tiger. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| B524.1.5 | Helpful buffaloes tramp hero's enemies to death. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| B411.1 | Helpful bull. (Cf. B182.3.1.)—Cox Cinderella 365 (Swedish).—Irish myth: Cross.—Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "animaux".—India: Thompson-Balys.—N. A. Indian (Wyandot): Thompson CColl II 412; Missouri-French: Carrière. |
| B411.5 | Helpful bullock. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| B481.3.1 | Helpful bumblebee. Africa (Ganda): Baskerville 8ff. |
| B411.3 | Helpful calf. Fb "kalv". |
| B405 | Helpful camel. India: Thompson-Balys. Africa (Hausa): Tremearne FL XXII 464ff. No. 50, Hausa Superstitions and Customs 380ff. No. 80. |
| K1954.1 | Helpful cat borrows measure for his master's money. The master thus gains a reputation for wealth. Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 70 No. 545C*; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| B422 | Helpful cat. *Types 402, 545, 560; *BP I 325, II 30, 455, III 487; *Aarne MSFO XXV 48; *Dh IV 147ff.; *Fb "kat" II 108a.—Irish myth: Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "chat"; Missouri French: Carrière; Scotch: Campbell II 279, *284ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Mitford 253; Korean: Zong in-Sob 28 No. 12; Tonga: Gifford 201. |
| B484.1 | Helpful caterpillar. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule (B489.2). |
| B524.1.10 | Helpful centipede kills ogre. Chinese: Graham. |
| B491.4.1 | Helpful centipede. Chinese: Graham, Eberhard FFC CXX 30.—Africa (Benga): Nassau 208 No. 33. |
| B469.5.1 | Helpful chicken. Jewish: Neuman. |
| B469.5 | Helpful cock. *Type 670; *Aarne FFC XV 49ff.; Missouri-French: Carrière; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.—Africa (Fjort): Dennett 105 No. 29. |
| B579.2 | Helpful cow strikes at flies, while boy eats. Chinese: Graham. |
| B335.7 | Helpful cow to be killed because of refusal to help stepdaughter. Chinese: Graham. |
| B411 | Helpful cow. (Cf. B354.)—*Type 510A; Cox passim.—Halm Aesop No. 173, Wienert FFC LVI *70 (ET 347), 127 (ST 358).—Irish myth: Cross.—Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "animaux"; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham, Eberhard FFC CXX 52 No. 32. |
| B495.1 | Helpful crab. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Mpongwe): Nassau 41 No. 6. |
| B463.3 | Helpful crane. India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda, Anesaki 323.—N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 340 n. 227. |
| B486.2 | Helpful cricket. India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| B491.3 | Helpful crocodile. India: Thompson-Balys.—Africa (Madagascar): Sibree FLJ I 2-2ff., Larrouy RTP IV 305, (Temne): Schlenker Temne Traditions 87ff. No. 7. |
| B451.4 | Helpful crow. India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.—Africa (Hausa): Tremearne FL XXII 464ff. No. 50, Hausa Superstitions and Customs 380 ff. No. 80. |
| B495 | Helpful crustacean. |
| B469.8 | Helpful cuckoo. Lithuanian: Balys Index Nos. 454f. |
| F482.5.4 | Helpful deeds of brownie or other household spirit. (Cf. F403.2.) England, Scotland: *Baughman. |
| B443.1 | Helpful deer (stag, doe). *Fb "hjort", "hind".—Irish myth: Cross; Saints' legend (Irish): Plummer cxlii—cxliv.—Jewish: Neuman.—India: *Thompson-Balys.—Korean: Zong in-Sob 22 No. 11.—Africa (Angola): Chatelain 159 No. 19. |
| B421 | Helpful dog. (Cf. B524.1.1, B268.2.1. War-dogs.) *Types 300, 400, 560; *BP II 455ff., I 331, 547; *Emeneau "The Faithful Dog as Security for a Debt," Journal of the American Oriental Society LXI 1—17; *Hartland Perseus III 191ff.; *Aarne MSFO XXV 48; *Dh IV 147ff.—Fable: Halm Aesop No. 173; *BP III 290; Wienert FFC LVI *70 (ET 347), 127 (ST 358).—Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: *Boberg.—Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "chien", "mort", "nourriture"; *Fb "hund" IV 226b; Alphabet of Tales No. 271.—English: Wells Manual of Writings 121 (Sir Triamour); Scotch: Campbell I 7; French Canadian: *Barbeau JAFL XXIX 15, 20; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 48 No. 327; Jamaican: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 270 No: 82.—Jewish: Neuman. India: *Thompson-Balys.—Japanese: Anesaki 322, Ikeda; Korean: Zong in-Sob 93 No. 51.—Africa (Zulu): Callaway 51, 142, (Basuto): Jacottet 56 No. 9, 140 No. 20, (Kaffir): Kidd 226 No. 1, Theal 126, (Benga): Nassau 140 No. 16, (Angola): Chatelain 127 No. 12; N. A. Indian (Thompson River): Teit JAFL XXIX 304 (Type 403). See references in B524.1. |
| B312.4.1 | Helpful dogs obtained by purchase. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges. |
| B473 | Helpful dolphin. *Chauvin V 4 No. 2; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 868.—Jewish: Neuman; Greek: Fox 101. |
| B400 | Helpful domestic beasts. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| B457.1 | Helpful dove. (Cf. B362.)—Fable: Halm Aesop No. 296, Wienert FFC LVI 59 (ET 201), 127 (ST 356); Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "talisman".—Missouri-French: Carrière, Italian Novella: Rotunda.—Jewish: Neuman; Irish myth: Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| B498.1 | Helpful dragon. (Cf. B11.)—Italian Novella: Rotunda, Swiss Jegerlehner Oberwallis 328 No. 17; Chinese: Graham. |
| B469.4 | Helpful duck. Fb "and" IV 12b.—Japanese: Anesaki 321, Ikeda; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| B482.2 | Helpful dungbeetle. Type 559; *BP II 454 n. 1. |
| F451.5.1 | Helpful dwarfs. *Types 403, 709; BP I 450 ff.; Böcklen Sneewittchenstudien 84f.; BP I 99, Dickson 218.—Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 270, 272, *Boberg; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn I (1892) 53ff., 437—38, (1928) 47ff.; German: Eckart 79, Ey 29, Haas Grimmen 46 No. 54, Haas Greifswald 36 No. 39, Bindewald 56, 84, Kapff 45; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 41 No. 301; Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 63 No. 9. |
| B455.3 | Helpful eagle. See references in B322.1.—*Fb "fjer", "ørn" IV 1183b; Köhler-Bolte I 545, 560, *561; Reinhard PMLA XXXVIII 433 nn. 24, 26; Gaster Exempla 186 No. 5; Fables: Halm Aesop Nos. 92, 120, Babrius No. 144, Wienert FFC LVI 70 (ET 338, 339), 127 (ST 353).—Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Fox 118; Finnish: Kalevala rune 7; Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "oiseau", "nid".—Missouri French: Carrière; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.—German New Guinea: Dixon 141f.; Africa (Vai): Ellis 242 No. 49. |
| B476 | Helpful eel. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 478, 511. |
| B443.3 | Helpful elephant. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 649; India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| B455.2 | Helpful falcon. Italian Novella: Rotunda. |
| B482.1 | Helpful firefly. Indonesian: De Vries Volksverhalen I No. 35, II No. 170. |
| B470 | Helpful fish. See B375.1. and references.—*Fb "ring" III 61a, "fisk" I 296.—Italian Novella: Rotunda; Missouri-French: Carrière.—Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "animaux", Hartland Science 174; Arabian: Burton S V 326; Hindu: Keith 99; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesian: De Vries Volksverhalen uit Oost Indië I No. 72 (also in some versions of No. 35).—Polynesian (Celebes): Dixon *72 n. 56; Indonesian, Japanese, N. Pacific Coast American Indian (Micmac): Dixon *157 n. 6; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 65 No. 3. |
| B483.2 | Helpful flea. *Chauvin II 197 No. 29. |
| B483.1 | Helpful fly. Type 772*; Dh II 214.—Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 209; India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| N856 | Helpful forester. English: Wells 96 (Chevalere Assigne). |
| B435.1 | Helpful fox. *Types 506, 545, 550; *BP I 331, 503, III 487, 490ff.; Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 179.—Sébillot RTP III 394; *Fb "höj" I 741, "ræv" III 113b.—Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "animaux".—Missouri French: Carrière, Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.—Chinese: Werner 380f., Krappe CFQ III (1944) 126, Eberhard FFC CXX 29 No. 17.—Japanese: Mitford 261ff.—N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 342 n. 233.—Africa (Tonga): Gifford 123. |
| B493.1 | Helpful frog. *Type 402, 440, 670B*; *BP I 1ff. (Gr. No. 1), II 30ff. (Gr. No. 63).—Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys: Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 30, 180.—Chile: Pino Saavedra 405.—Africa (Zulu): Callaway 241, (Ba Ronga): Einstein 288, (Basuto): Jacottet 202 No. 30. |
| B443.4 | Helpful gazelle. BP I 331. |
| N813 | Helpful genie (spirit). *Types 561, 562; *Aarne MSFO XXV 3—82; *BP II 535ff., 547ff.; *Fischer-Bolte 215.—Missouri French: Carrière; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1302; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 182; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 67, 140, 142; Samoa: Beckwith Myth 438, 442; Easter Island: Métraux Ethnology 319, 369, 375; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 3/1007, 13/174, 221), Henry Ancient Tahiti (Honolulu, 1928) 520f., Beckwith Myth 450; S. A. Indian (Mura): Métraux MAFLS XL 36; Africa (Fang): Tessman 194. |
| B413 | Helpful goat. Type 510; Cox 473f. n. 2.—Irish myth: Cross, Beal XXI 325; Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "chevre", "animaux"; Missouri French: Carrière; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 294 No. 9, 298 No. 13, 325 No. 4.—Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys.—Africa (Angola): Chatelain 53 No. 2, (Benga): Nassau 202 No. 32. |
| B469.3 | Helpful goose. *Köhler-Bolte I 347; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| B469.1 | Helpful grebe. Madagascar (Imerina): Ferrand Contes populaires Malgaches 102ff. No. 32. |
| B469.6 | Helpful guinea-fowl. Africa (Hottentot): Bleek 65 No. 28. |
| B455.4 | Helpful hawk. Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 1; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| B511.1.3 | Helpful hedgehog forces snake to suck out poison from bitten raja. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| B449.1 | Helpful hedgehog. Dh I 276ff.; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| B463.2 | Helpful heron. India: *Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Ceuici): Alexander Lat. Am. 304. |
| B443.6 | Helpful hippopotamus. Africa (Ganda): Baskerville King of the Snakes 47f. |
| B414 | Helpful hog. Fb "svin" III 676a.—Irish myth: Cross.—India: Thompson-Balys.—Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 144, 197. |
| B481.5 | Helpful hornet. Type 559; Jewish: Neuman; N. A. Indian (Micmac): Rand 42 No. 6. |
| B540.2 | Helpful horse rescues children. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| B401 | Helpful horse. *Type 314, 502, 531, 532; BP III 94ff., III 18ff., II 273ff; *Fb "hest"; *Köhler-Bolte I 468.—Wienert FFC LVI *70 (ET 347), 127 (ST 358); Halm Aesop No. 173 (Cf. BP III 290ff.); Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 94; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 372 n. 1.—Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: *Boberg; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Novella: Rotunda.—Breton: *Sébillot Incidents s.v. "animaux"; French Canadian: *Barbeau JAFL XXIX 15; Missouri French: Carrière; Cape Verde Islands: *Parson MAFLS XV (1) 277 No. 91, 281 No. 92.—India: *Thompson-Balys.—Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 280, 284. |
| B811.1.1 | Helpful horses descended from heaven. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| B435.6 | Helpful hyena. Spanish Exempla: Keller. |
| B433.3 | Helpful ichneumon. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Nao): Held Märchen und Sagen der afrikanischen Neger 132ff. |
| B482 | Helpful insects—coleoptera. |
| B483 | Helpful insects—diptera. |
| B485 | Helpful insects—hemiptera. |
| B481 | Helpful insects—hymenoptera. |
| B484 | Helpful insects—lepidoptera. |
| B489 | Helpful insects—miscellaneous. |
| B486 | Helpful insects—orthoptera. |
| B480 | Helpful insects. India: *Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Graham. |
| B435.2 | Helpful jackal. BP I 331; India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| B455.5 | Helpful kite (bird). Hindu: *Penzer IV 192 n. 1; India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| B451.1 | Helpful lark. Madagascar (Imerina): Ferrand Contes populaires Malgaches 102ff. No. 32. |
| B431.1 | Helpful leopard. Africa (Akan-Ashanti): Rattray Akan-Ashanti Folk Tales 206 No. 53. |
| B431.2 | Helpful lion. (Cf. B549.1.)—*Type 156 (see all references for B381), *Type 590; *BP III 1 (Gr. No. 121); *Fb "löve" II 518b; Dickson Valentine and Orson 107 n. 17, 118 n. 51.—Icel.: Boberg.—Irish myth: Cross; English: Wells 66 (Ywain and Gawain), 118f. (Octavian).—*Hibbard 271 n. 3.—Spanish Exempla: Keller.—Italian Novella: Rotunda.—Saintyves Saints Successeurs 252.—French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule; Missouri French: Carrière.—Jewish: Neuman.—India: *Thompson-Balys. —Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 131 No. 24, (Zanzibar): Bateman 82 No. 6. |
| B491.2 | Helpful lizard. Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "animaux".—India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.—N. A. Indian (Jicarilla Apache): Russell JAFL XI 256. |
| B495.2 | Helpful lobster. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 180. |
| B486.1 | Helpful locusts. Arabian: Burton S VI 9. |
| B451.6 | Helpful magpie. Chinese: Werner 190, Graham. |
| B526.2 | Helpful mare cools boiling bath for master. Hero is made to bathe in boiling mare's milk. His mare blows on the milk and cools it.—*Köhler-Bolte I 468. |
| E336.1 | Helpful mine ghosts. England, U.S.: *Baughman. |
| B449.2 | Helpful mole. Canadian: Gautier (B449.13). |
| B433.4 | Helpful mongoose. Chauvin II 100 No. 59; Bødker Exempler 299 No. 64; India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| B441.1 | Helpful monkey. Penzer IX 47 n. 1; BP I 331.—Jewish: Neuman. —India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesian: De Vries' List No. 180.—Chile: Pino Saavedra 402, 404. |
| F460.4.2 | Helpful mountain-men. Norwegian: Hartmann 35. |
| B437.2 | Helpful mouse. *Type 75, cf. Type 560.—Jewish: Neuman; Penzer V 79 n. 2.—India: *Thompson-Balys, Bødker Exempler 290 Nos 45, 46; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Missouri-French: Carrière.—Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 268.—Africa (Kaffir): Theal 85, Kidd 230 No. 2, (Basuto): Jacottet 190 No. 28. |
| B403 | Helpful mule. Breton: "Sébillot Incidents s.v. "mule", "animaux". |
| B498 | Helpful mythical animal. |
| B451.2 | Helpful nightingale. *Chauvin II 117 No. 97; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| B477 | Helpful octopus. Marquesas: Handy 76. |
| B433.1 | Helpful otter. Saints' legend (Irish): Plummer cxliv, Irish myth: Cross. |
| B461.2 | Helpful owl. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| B411.2 | Helpful ox. French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 15.—Irish myth: Cross.—India: Thompson-Balys.—Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 76 No. 12, 240 No. 35, (Kaffir): Theal 169. |
| B431.4 | Helpful panther. Fable: Phaedrus III 2; Wienert FFC LVI 70 (ET 346), 127 (ST 357). |
| B469.9.1 | Helpful paroquet. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| B469.9 | Helpful parrot. Clouston II 196ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys.—Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 252. |
| B469.10 | Helpful pheasant. Korean: Zong in-Sob 97 No. 53. |
| B457.2 | Helpful pigeon. Jewish: Neuman. |
| B475 | Helpful pike. *Fb "gjedde". |
| B437.4 | Helpful rabbit (hare). Fb "hare" IV 201a; Dh I 276ff.—Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "animaux".—Japanese: Anesaki 318. |
| B437.1 | Helpful rat. *Fb "rotte" III 83b.—India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 180.—Korean: Zong in-Sob 28 No. 12.—Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 214 No. 31, (Benga): Nassau 208 No. 33. |
| B451.5 | Helpful raven. *Fb "ravn" III 23a; *Zingerle Sagen aus Tirol 588.—Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 36; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Bødker Exempler 290 Nos. 45, 46; Jewish: Neuman.—Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 53. |
| B491 | Helpful reptile. |
| B474 | Helpful salmon. *Type 675. |
| B463.1 | Helpful sea-bird. Type 554*.—Saints' legend (Irish): Plummer cxlvi; Irish myth: Cross. |
| B435.5 | Helpful seal. Irish myth: Cross. |
| B491.1 | Helpful serpent. *Types 612, 670, 672, 673; *BP I 128, 131, II 463; Dh I 276ff. (cf. A2145.2), IV 147ff. (Type 560); *Fb "hugorm" I 666; "snog" III 436b, "blad" IV 44a; *Chauvin II 106 No. 71, VII 25 No. 373F n. 5; Köhler-Bolte I 440; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 648; *Ward Catalogue of Romances III 208; Oesterley Gesta Romanorum No. 141; *Warnke Quellen des Esope der Marie de France 221ff.; Dickson Valentine and Orson 53; *Penzer I 101 n. 1.—Italian Novella: Rotunda; Missouri-French: Carrière.—Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 86 n. 2, 312 n. 2; Jewish: Neuman; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 305 No. 3; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 132 No. 78; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 46 No. 78.—Burmese: Scott Indo-Chinese Myth. 274; Indonesian: De Vries Volksverhalen I No. 67.—Sumatran: Dixon 163; India: *Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 95, No. 52.—Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 163 No. 32, (Zanzibar): Bateman 222 No. 10, (Benga): Nassau 208 No. 33. |
| B471 | Helpful shark. Fb "haj".—Tahiti: Dixon 64; Tonga: Gifford 76; Mono-Alu-Fauru: Wheeler 65. |
| B412 | Helpful sheep. Type 510; *Cox 477 n. 7.; Missouri-French: Carrière; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| N855 | Helpful smith. Missouri French: Carrière. |
| B524.3 | Helpful snake protects man from attack. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| B451.7 | Helpful sparrow. Irish myth: Cross; Japanese: Anesaki 318. |
| N819.3.1 | Helpful speaking skull. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| B489.1 | Helpful spider.1 *Dh I 144, II 66ff.—N. A. Indian (Jicarilla Apache): Russell JAFL XI 256; *Loomis White Magic 66; Africa (Duala): Lederbogen Märchen V 141; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| F450.1.1 | Helpful spirit warriors dwell in rocks and hills. N. A. Indian (Cherokee): Alexander N. Am. 68. |
| B437.3 | Helpful squirrel. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.—India: Thompson-Balys.—Chinese: Graham.—Africa (Fang): Trilles Bulletin de la Société Neuchâteloise de Geographie XVI 238ff. No. 23. |
| B411.6 | Helpful steer. Jewish: Neuman. |
| B463.4 | Helpful stork. Hartland Science 194; India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| B469.2 | Helpful swan. Irish myth: Cross; Saints' legend (Irish): Plummer cxlvi. —Hindu: Keith 108; India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| B481.2 | Helpful termite. Africa (Nao): Held 132ff. |
| B431.3 | Helpful tiger. India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 263; Korean: Zong in-Sob 82, No. 45. |
| B493.2 | Helpful toad. Type 402; BP II 30ff. (Gr. No. 63).—Missouri-French: Carrière; Chinese: Graham. |
| N815.0.1 | Helpful tree-spirit. (Cf. F441.2.) India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 534. |
| B469.7 | Helpful turkey. N. A. Indian (Zuсi): Cushing 54ff. |
| B491.5 | Helpful turtle (tortoise). Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 514; Tonga: Gifford 50; Africa (Fjort): Dennett 74ff. No. 16. |
| F450.1 | Helpful underground spirit. |
| N819.3 | Helpful vital heads. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| B455.1 | Helpful vulture. Greek: Grote I 105; India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| B481.4 | Helpful wasp. *Type 559; Jewish: Neuman; Africa (Madagascar): Sibree FLJ I (1883) 45ff. |
| B401.1 | Helpful water-horse. Irish myth: Cross. |
| N815.0.2 | Helpful water-spirit. (Cf. F420.) India: Thompson-Balys. |
| B472 | Helpful whale. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.—N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 327 n. 179.—Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 256ff. Nos. 38, 39, 275 No. 86.—Maori: Dixon 83. |
| B435 | Helpful wild beasts—canidae and other carnivora. |
| B431 | Helpful wild beasts—felidae. |
| B449 | Helpful wild beasts—miscellaneous. |
| B433 | Helpful wild beasts—mustelidae. |
| B441 | Helpful wild beasts—primata. |
| B437 | Helpful wild beasts—rodentia.—India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 317 n. 147.—Tehuelche (Pategonia): Alexander Lat. Am. 335. |
| B443 | Helpful wild beasts—ungulata. |
| B430 | Helpful wild beasts. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| B469.4.1 | Helpful wild duck. Africa (Betsileo): Renel Contes de Madagascar I 140ff. No. 25, (Imerina): Ferrand 102ff. No. 32. |
| B469.3.1 | Helpful wild goose. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges (B469.5); India: Thompson-Balys. |
| B443.5 | Helpful wild hog (boar). Madagascar: Sibree FLJ II 45ff., Renel Contes de Madagascar I 65ff. No. 9, 140ff. No. 25, Ferrand 102ff. No. 32. |
| B443.7 | Helpful wild ox. Irish myth: Cross. |
| B435.3 | Helpful wolf. *Type 428; *Fb "ulv" IV 971a.—English: Wells Manual of Writings 20 (William of Palerne) (werwolf).—Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "animaux".—Irish myth: Cross.—Italian Novella: Rotunda.—Jewish: Neuman. —Missouri-French: Carrière.—See also references for B535. |
| B461.1 | Helpful woodpecker. Africa (Shangani): Bourhill and Drake 43ff. No. 5, (Fjort): Dennett 74ff. No. 16. |
| B491.4 | Helpful worm. Chinese, Persian: Coyajee JPASB XXIV 197f.; Jewish: Neuman. |
| B451.3 | Helpful wren. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| B312.5 | Helpful, strong horse caught. Icel.: Boberg. |
| J1872.1 | Helping the cuckoo. A numskull climbs a tree to help a cuckoo so that he may call louder than the one in the neighboring forest. Meanwhile his horse is eaten by a wolf. *Wesselski Bebel I 137 No. 42. |
| D1331.1.1 | Hempseed sown to acquire magic sight. (Cf. D971.2.) England, Wales: *Baughman; English: Child V 59, 286a. |
| B143.0.5 | Hen as prophetic bird. Jewish: Neuman. |
| U21.1 | Hen complains that man eats her, but she eats ant. Indonesia: DeVries's list No. 101. |
| B558.3 | Hen hitched to wagon. *Fb "höne" I 750b. |
| G276.1 | Hen put in witch's hair to scratch while maid escapes. Fb "höne" I 750b, "klø" II 202b, "kylling" II 347. |
| J1811.4.1 | Henpecked husband leaves home. Hears a rooster crow, saying: "Cocky kuko! It's the same everywhere!" He returns home. England, U.S.: *Baughman. |
| J1886 | Hens in mourning. Fool puts black clothes on his hen's necks. He tells people that they mourn their mother. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 210 No. 19. |
| P541.1 | Heptads. Laws made in groups of seven. (Cf. Z71.5.) Irish myth: Cross. |
| D1355.17 | Herb bath produces love. (Cf. D965.) Irish myth: *Cross. |
| D1388.1.2 | Herb protects from storms at sea. (Cf. D965.) Kittredge Witchcraft 153, 474 n. 10. |
| E631.3 | Herbs grow from grave of healer. Brouwer Das Volkslied in Deutschland, Frankreich, Belgien und Holland (Groningen, 1930) 196ff.; Irish myth: *Cross. |
| D1505.1 | Herbs restore sight. (Cf. D965.) *Chauvin II 193 No. 12, V 14 No. 9.—India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| F817.3 | Herbs serve as perfume. Jewish: *Neuman. |
| D1385.2.1 | Herbs worn in ears keep off power of evil spirits. (Cf. D965.) India: Thompson-Balys. |
| K1214 | Hercules spins for his beloved. Is forced to dress as woman and discharge womanly duties including spinning. Italian Novella: Rotunda. |
| D1400.1.4.5 | Hercules' bow and arrow essential to capture Troy. Greek: Grote I 275. (Cf. D1091, D1092.) |
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