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Stith Thompson Motif Index
About this index and how to read it
Stith Thompson's Motif-Index of Folk-Literature classifies recurring narrative elements in folktales, myths, legends, ballads and related traditional narratives. Each entry below gives Thompson's motif reference and the description recorded in the index.
The index is large, so this browser displays 250 entries per page. You can search by motif reference or by words in the description, restrict the results to one of Thompson's main letter categories, and click motif references mentioned inside descriptions to follow cross-references. Individual motif pages also show any ATU tale types whose concordance explicitly cites that Thompson reference.
All
A
Mythological Motifs
B
Animal Motifs
C
Motifs of Tabu
D
Magic
E
The Dead
F
Marvels
G
Ogres
H
Tests
J
The Wise and the Foolish
K
Deceptions
L
Reversals of Fortune
M
Ordaining the Future
N
Chance and Fate
P
Society
Q
Rewards and Punishments
R
Captives and Fugitives
S
Unnatural Cruelty
T
Sex
U
The Nature of Life
V
Religion
W
Traits of Character
X
Humor
Z
Miscellaneous Groups of Motifs
| Thompson reference ▲ | Description |
|---|---|
| E541.4 | Revenants drink. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E541.4.1 | Amputated head asks for drink. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E541.5 | Dead beg food from living. Africa (Bantu): Einstein 193. |
| E542 | Dead man touches living. |
| E542.1 | Ghostly fingers leave mark on person's body. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E542.1.1 | Ghostly fingers leave mark on man's hand. *Fb "hеnd" I 765b. |
| E542.1.2 | Ghost touches man's neck, leaves impression of hand on neck. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E542.1.3 | Ghost strikes man on mouth; leaves his mouth crooked. Ireland: Baughman. |
| E542.1.4 | Ghost strikes man on face. |
| E542.1.4.1 | Ghost strikes man on face: cancer grows there. Canada: Baughman. |
| E542.1.4.2 | Ghost strikes man on face: marks remain permanently. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E542.2 | Dead man's hand touches birthmark and thus removes it. *Fb "død" I 228a. |
| E542.3 | Ghost throws man into ditch, leaving his side numb. England: Baughman. |
| E542.4 | Ghost touches man's hat, scorching it and turning lock of his hair white. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E543 | Dead drag boat to strand. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 5 No. 41. |
| E544 | Ghost leaves evidence of his appearance. (Cf. E322.3.3.1, E542. 1ff.) Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman. |
| E544.1 | Ghost leaves object after appearance. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E544.1.1 | Ghost leaves behind a crucifix. England: Baughman. |
| E544.1.2 | Ghost leaves a ring with the living. England: Baughman. |
| E544.1.3 | Ghost of drowned man leaves puddle of salt water where he stands. U.S.: *Baughman. |
| E544.2 | Ghost pulls off blanket from sleeper. Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts, Index No. 3540. |
| E545 | The dead speak. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Jewish: *Neuman; West Indies: Flowers 431; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E545.0.1 | Words uttered from the tomb. *Loomis White Magic 53; Icelandic: Boberg; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E545.0.2 | The dead are silent. Irish myth: *Cross. |
| E545.1 | Conversation between the dead. Gaster Exempla 206 No. 110; Jewish: *Neuman. |
| E545.2 | Dead predict death. (Cf. E363.3.) Wimberly 268; England, U.S.: *Baughman. |
| E545.3 | Dead announce own death. (Cf. E723ff.) Wimberly 268. |
| E545.4 | Dead will not speak of their condition. England: Child II 231—3. |
| E545.5 | Questions to dead are dangerous. *Fb "død" I 228a; Boberg. |
| E545.6 | Dead speak on Hallowe'en. (Cf. V70.5.) Irish myth: Cross. |
| E545.6.1 | Thirsty when hanged, corpse asks for water on Hallowe'en. Irish myth: Cross. |
| E545.7 | Holy man converses with entombed dead. Irish myth: *Cross. |
| E545.8 | Fairy converses with dead. Irish myth: Cross. |
| E545.9 | Dead holy man begs grave-digger not to bury sinner on top of him. Irish myth: Cross. |
| E545.10 | Corpse exclaims over miracle. Irish myth: Cross. |
| E545.11 | Ghost chooses own requiem. Irish myth: Cross. |
| E545.12 | Ghost directs man to hidden treasure. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E545.13 | Man converses with dead. Jewish: Neuman. |
| E545.14 | The dead hear saint's bell. (Cf. D1213.) Irish myth: Cross. |
| E545.15 | Saint after his death gives directions where he wants to be buried. *Loomis White Magic 53. |
| E545.16 | Dead predict calamity or disaster. |
| E545.16.1 | Dead predict war. (See E575.) U.S.: Baughman. |
| E545.17 | The dead foretell the future. (Cf. E363.3, E576.) U.S.: Baughman; Jewish: *Neuman. |
| E545.18 | Ghost asks to be taken to former home. (See all references to E332.3.3.1.) U.S.: Baughman. |
| E545.19 | Addressing the dead. |
| E545.19.1 | The dead cannot speak until spoken to. England, U.S., Wales: *Baughman. |
| E545.19.2 | Proper means of addressing ghosts. England, U.S., Wales: *Baughman. |
| E545.20 | Part of ghost speaks. |
| E545.20.1 | Strand of hair from drowned woman speaks. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E545.21 | Heads of slain people in magician's house advises hero. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E545.22 | Conversation between God and Adam's corpse. Jewish: *Neuman. |
| E545.23 | Dead must be answered in whispers. Eskimo (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 153, (Ungava): Turner RBAE XI 266, (Greenland): Rink 302, Rasmussen II 269. |
| E546 | The dead sing. (Cf. E371.3.) *Type 4031; *Fb "hvid" I 700b; Irish myth: *Cross; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 244. |
| E547 | The dead wail (Cf. E402ff.) Fb "kirkeklokke" II 131a; Jewish: Neuman. |
| E547.1 | The dead groan. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 681, 685. |
| E548 | Dead make music on their ribs. Irish: Curtin Myths and Folklore of Ireland 25; India: Thompson-Balys; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 244. |
| E551 | Dead man sobs. (Cf. E402.1.1.) Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 296 No. 21. |
| E552 | Ghost in form of bear sneezes. (Cf. E423.2.1.) Tobler 56. |
| E553 | Ghost becomes log during day. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 101. |
| E554 | Ghost plays musical instrument. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E554.1 | Ghost plays organ. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 676. |
| E555 | Dead man smokes pipe. Fb "tobak" III 814a, "spøgelse" III 520a; U.S.: Baughman; N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 219 No. 41, (Teton): Dorsey AA o.s. II (1889) 150. |
| E556 | Ghost drinks. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E556.1 | Ghost drinks liquor. England, U.S.: Baughman. |
| E556.1.1 | The dead man asks for whiskey. Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts. |
| E557 | Dead man writes. Fb "spøgelse" III 520a. |
| E557.1 | Ghost writes on wall the answers to problems of person in trouble. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E558 | Ghosts forced to labor. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E561 | Dead person spins. Fb "spøgelse" III 520a, "spinde" III 492a; England, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman. |
| E561.1 | Sight of dead woman spinning drives people insane. *Fb "spinde" III 492a. |
| E562 | Dead person weaves. Fb "spøgelse" III 520a; England: *Baughman. |
| E563 | Dead person knits. Fb "spøgelse" III 520a. |
| E564 | Man who has died and returned to life becomes diviner. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E565 | Ghosts clank chains. (Cf. E501.13.1.2., E755.2.2.) North Carolina: Brown Collection I 675. |
| E567 | Dead person threshes. Fb "spøgelse" III 520a. |
| E568 | Revenant lies down and sleeps. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E568.1 | Revenant leaves impression of body in bed. England, U.S. *Baughman. |
| E571 | Ghostly barber. *Type 326; *BP I 24; *Fb "balbere" IV 23a. |
| E572 | Ghost walks through solid substance. U.S.: *Baughman. |
| E573 | Ghost tried in court. **Jacoby Zs. f. Vksk. XXIII (1913) 184; Jewish: Neuman. |
| E574 | Appearance of ghost serves as death omen. (Cf. D1812.5.1.1, E265.3, E501.20.) England, Scotland, U.S., Wales: *Baughman. |
| E575 | Ghost as omen of calamity or ill fortune. England, U.S.: *Baughman. |
| E576 | Dead man praises God. Jewish: *Neuman. |
| E576.1 | Dead intercedes before God for mortal. Jewish: *Neuman. |
| E577 | Dead persons play games. U.S.: Baughman; Eskimo (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 153. |
| E577.1 | Dead persons play ball. (Cf. E494.) Wimberly 233. |
| E577.2 | Dead persons play cards. *Type 326; Fb "spøgelse" III 520a; U.S.: Baughman. |
| E577.2.1 | Playing cards with a dead man (ghost). Lithuanian: Balys Legends Nos. 678ff. |
| E577.3 | Dead persons bowl. Type 326; cf. Washington Irving's "Rip Van Winkle". |
| E578 | Dead persons build fires. Type 326; Russian: Ralston 314; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E578.1 | Revenants want to warm themselves. Type 326. |
| E578.2 | Ghosts warm themselves around fire. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E581 | Dead person rides. Fb "spøgelse" III 520a; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 680—682. |
| E581.1 | Whirlwind as ghost's vehicle. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 84. |
| E581.2 | Ghost rides horse. England, U.S.: *Baughman. |
| E581.2.1 | Ghost jumps on horse behind man. (Cf. E262.) North Carolina: Brown Collection I 681. |
| E581.3 | Ghost rides cow. U.S.: *Baughman. |
| E581.4 | Ghost rides bus. |
| E581.4.1 | Ghost rides on bus, disappears before it crosses bridge. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E581.5 | Ghost rides heavy iron chest. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E581.6 | Ghost rides giant demijohn. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E581.7 | Ghost sails over sound on bundle of straw. Fb "halmknippe" I 539b. |
| E582 | Dead person drives horses. Fb "spøgelse" III 520a; England: Baughman. |
| E583 | Dead persons draw chariot. India: Thompson-Balys, Tawney I 457. |
| E585 | Dead person visits earth periodically. (Cf. E332.3.3.1, E535.3.) |
| E585.1 | Dead person visits earth every seven years. Fb "spøgelse" III 519b; Tobler 66. |
| E585.2 | Spectre rides to castle every seven years. Irish myth: Cross. |
| E585.3 | Revenant revisits earth every day. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E585.3.1 | Revenant revisits earth nightly. Africa (Fang): Trilles 269. |
| E585.4 | Revenant revisits earth yearly. S. A. Indian (Brazil): Oberg 109. |
| E586 | Dead returns soon after burial. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E586.0.1 | Ghost returns before burial. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E586.1 | Dead returns on burial day. Fb "spøgelse" III 519ab; Spanish Exempla: Keller; England, U.S.: *Baughman. |
| E586.2 | Dead returns third day after burial. Fb "sjæl" III 214b, "spøgelse" III 519b; N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 101; Eskimo (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 153. |
| E586.3 | Dead return second day after burial. N. A. Indian (California): Gayton and Newman 99. |
| E586.4 | Dead sent back to life because his name is not in heavenly roll. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E587 | Ghosts walk at certain times. |
| E587.1 | Ghosts walk at midday. Fb "middag" II 585b. |
| E587.2 | Ghosts walk on Hallowe'en. (Cf. F211.1.1.1.) Irish myth: Cross; U.S.: Baughman. |
| E587.2.1 | Ghost most numerous on St. Thomas Eve and St. Thomas Day. England: Baughman. |
| E587.3 | Ghosts walk from curfew to cockcrow. (Cf. E452.) England: Baughman. |
| E587.4 | Spirits are always in the air. England: Baughman. |
| E587.5 | Ghost walk at midnight. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E587.6 | Ghosts walk at full moon. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 198. |
| E588 | Ghost leaves stench behind. Fb "stank"; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 276, Rasmussen II 275. |
| E591 | Ghost travels under ground. Fb "jord" II 45b. |
| E592 | Ghost carries burden. |
| E592.1 | Ghost carries own dead body. Kai (German New Guinea): Dixon 142. |
| E592.2 | Ghost carries coffin on back. Wimberly 238. |
| E593 | Ghost takes things from people. |
| E593.1 | Ghost steals collar of priest. Evil therefore befalls priest. *Fb "gjenganger" I 443. |
| E593.2 | Ghost steals book from priest. *Fb "bog" IV 53b. |
| E593.3 | If no lamp is lighted in a house for a period of fourteen days, ghosts take it for their dwelling. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E593.4 | Ghost takes bones from grave. Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 81. |
| E593.5 | Ghost steals food and treasure. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 123. |
| E594 | Dead man wanders with torch. (Cf. E599.7.) Tobler 84; Eskimo (Ungava): Turner RBAE XI 266. |
| E595 | Cures by transferring disease to dead. Ghoulish charm used for this purpose. Kittredge Witchcraft 143, 461 n. 34. |
| E596 | Living person in service of a dead man. BP I 214. |
| E596.1 | Ghost works for human being. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E597 | Corpse leaps up in emotion at saint's passing nearby. Irish myth: Cross. |
| E598 | Death and return to life rids man of disease. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E599 | Other actions of revenants. |
| E599.1 | Ghost searches for breath. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E599.2 | Ghostly corpses seen on floor of house, disappear when coroner comes. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E599.3 | Ghost watches (follows) its own corpse. England, U.S.: *Baughman. |
| E599.4 | Ghost asks alms (from one who does not know that asker has died) at usual place and time. England: Baughman. |
| E599.5 | Ghost travels swiftly. (Cf. D2122.) England: Baughman. |
| E599.6 | Ghosts move furniture. U.S.: *Baughman. |
| E599.7 | Ghost carries lantern. (Cf. E371.10, E472, E594, E530.1, F491.1.) U.S.: Baughman. |
| E599.8 | Ghost vanishes when taken home. (Cf. E332.3.3.1.) U.S.: *Baughman. |
| E599.9 | Ghost seen in two places simultaneously. England: Baughman. |
| E599.10 | Playful revenant. England: Baughman. |
| E599.11 | Locked doors open at touch of ghosts. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E599.12 | Human being transported by a ghost. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E599.13 | Dead person bathes. Jewish: Neuman. |
| E600 | Reincarnation. Return from the dead in another form. India: Penzer X 336 s.v. "Transmigration", *Cowell Jataka Index s.v. "Bodhisatta" and "Rebirth", Keith 100, *Thompson-Balys; Irish myth: *Cross, Nutt "The Irish Vision of the Happy Otherworld and the Celtic Doctrine of Rebirth" in K. Meyer Voyage of Bran; Icelandic: *Boberg; Estonian: Loorits Grundzüge I 321ff.; Jewish: *Neuman; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 473; Chinese: Werner 314; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 337 n. 216a, Alexander N. Am. 280 n. 18; Eskimo (West Hudson Bay): Boas BAM XV 359, (Greenland): Rasmussen I 115, III 171, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 639; S. A. Indian (Brazil): Oberg 109. |
| E600.1 | Origin of reincarnation: miscarried message of immortality. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E600.2 | Science of reincarnation taught. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E601 | Reincarnation: former lives remembered. Jewish: *Neuman, *Penzer X 154 s.v. "Former births"; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E601.1 | Man by magic sees his wives in their former incarnations as dog and sow. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E601.2 | Reincarnated benefactor helped by man he has befriended in former life. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E601.3 | Punishments earned on one life paid in next reincarnation. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E602 | Reincarnation in form determined at death. India: Thompson-Balys, Tawney II 145. |
| E603 | Limited number of souls in world necessitates reincarnation. India: Thompson-Balys. E700. The soul. |
| E604 | Definite number of reincarnations. |
| E604.1 | Seven reincarnations. *Zachariae 33ff.; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E605 | Reincarnation in another human form. *M. Bloomfield Proc. Am. Philosophical Soc. LVI 1ff.; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| E605.1 | Reincarnation with change of sex. *Penzer VII 230; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E605.1.1 | Reincarnation: woman reborn as man. Chinese: Werner 256. |
| E605.1.2 | Man reborn as woman. India: Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 76. |
| E605.2 | Reincarnation: god reborn as man. Icelandic: Olrik Kilderne til Sakses Oldhistorie I (1892) 30ff., 60ff., Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys, Keith 168; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 907, 1258; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 119; Marquesas: Handy 109; N. A. Indian (Mandan): Curtis N. A. Indian V 39ff. |
| E605.2.1 | Reincarnation: spirit reborn as man. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 57. |
| E605.3 | Reincarnation: man becomes god. India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 212. |
| E605.4 | Reincarnation: man becomes spirit. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E605.5 | Reincarnation: prince becomes common man. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E605.6 | Reincarnation: common man becomes prince. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E605.7 | Man reincarnated as child. (Cf. E607.2.) India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E605.7.1 | Reincarnation as child which is within a fish. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E605.8 | Horse-headed men reborn as money-lenders. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E605.9 | Reincarnation as conjurer. Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 234, 247, (Greenland): Rasmussen III 130. |
| E606 | Reasons for reincarnation. (Cf. E693.) |
| E606.1 | Reincarnation as punishment for sin. India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| E606.2 | Reincarnation to complete unfinished work. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E607 | Methods of reincarnation. |
| E607.1 | Bones of dead collected and buried. Return in another form directly from grave. *Type 720; S. A. Indian (Warrau): Alexander Lat. Am. 272. |
| E607.1.1 | Bones of dead collected and thrown into river. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E607.2 | Person transforms self, is swallowed and reborn in new form. (Cf. D605.7, D610.) Irish myth: *Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 110; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 282 n. 44. |
| E607.2.1 | Person is swallowed and then reborn. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E607.2.2 | Rebirth by crawling into woman's womb. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 57. |
| E607.3 | Hauling canoe over dead man's body causes return from dead in new form. Maori: Dixon 55. |
| E607.4 | Reincarnation by fasting. Irish myth: Cross. |
| E607.5 | Cauldron of regeneration (reincarnation). Irish myth: *Cross. |
| E610 | Reincarnation as animal. Encyc. Rel. and Ethics I 493b; Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "animaux"; Jewish: bin Gorion VI 110, 310; Africa: Werner African 192. |
| E610.1 | Reincarnation: man to animal to man. Irish myth: Cross. |
| E610.1.1 | Reincarnation: boy to bird to boy. Boy returns as bird, who later becomes the boy. *Type 720; *BP I 422. |
| E610.1.2 | Reincarnation: man to fish to man. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 115, II 151. |
| E611 | Reincarnation as domestic animal. |
| E611.1 | Reincarnation as horse. (Cf. D131.) Gaster Exempla 248 No. 349; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 851. |
| E611.1.1 | Reincarnation: man as horse-head. Hindu: Keith 121 (Vishnu). |
| E611.1.2 | Reincarnation as donkey. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 131. |
| E611.2 | Reincarnation as cow. (Cf. D133.1.) *Type 510, 511; BP *I 187, III 61ff.; Wesselski Deutsche Märchen vor Grimm (1938) vii ff.; *MacCulloch Childhood 108; India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| E611.2.0.1 | Divinity reincarnated as cow. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E611.2.1 | Reincarnation as bull. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 166, II 29. |
| E611.2.1.0.1 | Divinity reincarnated as bull. (Cf. A132.9.) Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 152, *Cross; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E611.2.1.1 | Reincarnation as bullock. India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| E611.2.2 | Reincarnation as an ox. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1124. |
| E611.2.3 | Reincarnation as calf. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 54, 189. |
| E611.2.4 | Reincarnation as a buffalo. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 592; Chinese: Graham (E612.11). |
| E611.3 | Man reincarnated as swine. Fb "svin" III 676a, "sjæl" III 214a; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 423, 1031; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 189, 199. |
| E611.3.1 | Man reincarnated as wild boar. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; Hindu: Keith 121 (Vishnu). |
| E611.4 | Man reincarnated as goat. (Cf. D134.) *Type 510, 511; *BP I 187, III 60ff.; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 53 No. 2. |
| E611.5 | Man reincarnated as cat. Fb "sjæl" III 214a. |
| E611.5.1 | God reincarnated as cat. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E611.6 | Man reincarnated as dog. (Cf. D141.) Fb "sjæl" III 214a; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 267, 827; Korean: Zong in-Sob 92; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 115. |
| E612 | Reincarnation as wild animal. Estonian: Loorits Grundzüge I 325ff. |
| E612.1 | Reincarnation as lion. Hindu: Keith 121 (Vishnu). |
| E612.2 | Reincarnation as wolf. Fb "pebersvend" II 795a (werwolf); Irish myth: Cross. |
| E612.3 | Reincarnation as hare. Fb "sjæl" III 214a; Gaster Exempla 248 No. 349; Eskimo (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 639. |
| E612.4 | Reincarnation as fox. (Cf. D113.3.) *Type 506; BP III 494ff.; Fb "sjæl" III 214a. |
| E612.5 | Reincarnation as deer. Irish myth: *Cross; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 421, II 27f., 69. |
| E612.6 | Reincarnation as seal. (Cf. D127.1.) Irish myth: Cross; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 115, III 56. |
| E612.7 | Reincarnation as mongoose. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E612.8 | Reincarnation as bear. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E612.9 | Reincarnation as hyena. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E612.10 | Reincarnation as jackal. India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera 267, 1034, 1131. |
| E612.11 | Reincarnation as elephant. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 157, II 603, 1158. |
| E612.12 | Reincarnation as monkey. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 996, II 27, 471, 519, 847, 939. |
| E612.13 | Reincarnation as rat. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 290, 1885. |
| E612.14 | Reincarnation as otter. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 267. |
| E613 | Reincarnation as bird. Fb "sjæl" III 214a; Gjerdman Nattskärran och nogra andra Spökfеglar (Arv I 27—68); Estonian: Loorits Grundzüge I 347—363; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 870, II 17; Japanese: Ikeda; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 264ff, Graham; Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 61. |
| E613.0.1 | Reincarnation of murdered child as bird. *Type 720; *BP I 422; *Fb "fugl" I 380b; English: Child I 126, 180f.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa: Werner African 211, (Basuto): Jacottet 56. |
| E613.0.2 | Reincarnation of unbaptized child as bird. *Fb "udøbt" III 960a; *Dh III 484. |
| E613.0.3 | Reincarnation of old maids as birds. Dh III 485; Fb "pebersvend" II 795a. |
| E613.0.4 | Reincarnation of drowned persons as birds. Dh III 482. |
| E613.0.5 | Severed heads of monster become birds. Hindu: Keith 88. |
| E613.0.6 | Reincarnation of girl eaten by tiger as bird. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E613.1 | Reincarnation as duck. Tobler 53; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 453*; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 264. |
| E613.1.1 | Reincarnation as sheldrake. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E613.2 | Reincarnation as owl. Tobler 97; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E613.3 | Reincarnation as hawk. (Cf. D152.1.) Tobler 97; Irish myth: Cross. |
| E613.3.1 | Reincarnation as eagle. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E613.4 | Reincarnation as swallow. (Cf. D151.1.) Fb "pebersvend" II 795a.—Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 15 No. 83; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 147 No. 50. |
| E613.5 | Reincarnation as cuckoo. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3134, Legends Nos. 248ff.; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 89 No. 77. |
| E613.6 | Reincarnation as dove. Italian: Basile Pentamerone V 9. |
| E613.6.1 | Reincarnation as pigeon. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 520, 557. |
| E613.7 | Reincarnation as raven. England: *Baughman. |
| E613.8 | Reincarnation as quail. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 816, 986, 1065. |
| E613.8.1 | Reincarnation as partridge. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 226. |
| E613.9 | Reincarnation as heron. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E613.9.1 | Reincarnation as crane. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1182. |
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